), a nonimmunologic colorimetric lipase diagnostic assay using 1,2-o-dilauryl-rac-glycero-3-glutaric acid (6-methyl-resorufin) ester (DGGR)have now been validated for use in dogs. This image is not<\/b> licensed under the Creative Commons license applied to text content and some other images posted to the wikiHow website. Tammy Hunter, DVM; Amy Panning, DVM; Ernest Ward, DVM. Craig B. Webb, PhD, DVM, Colorado State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital. They may need medication for pain, too. In addition, highly specific and sensitive tests, like cPL, can be used to differentiate acute pancreatitis from other diseases causing similar clinical signs in dogs. Bishop MA, Xenoulis PG, Levinski MD, et al. Xenoulis PG. Severe acute pancreatitis is often associated with serious systemic complications that, if not accurately recognized and treated aggressively early in the course of the disease, may lead to death. 22. Kook PH, Baloi P, Ruetten M, et al. JAVMA 2008;233(9):1425-1431. We're here to help you learn the signs of pancreatitis in dogs, as well as what causes pancreatitis and how to treat it. 38. 37. Evaluation of fresh frozen plasma administration in dogs with pancreatitis: 77 cases (1995-2005). Without the pancreas, dogs would have difficulty absorbing nutrients from food. Lem KY, Fosgate GT, Norby B, Steiner JM. New advances in the diagnosis of canine and feline liver and pancreatic disease. 16. Graca R, Messick J, McCullough S, et al. Mildly affected dogs may experience dehydration, slight inactivity or an abnormal hunched posture (due to abdominal pain). Obese or overweight dogs older than 7 years are at a greater risk. Cordner AP, Sharkey LC, Armstrong PJ, et al. Risk factors associated with acute pancreatitis in dogs: 101 cases (1985-1990). Acute pancreatitis is reversible unless the initial trigger persists or there is chronic recurrent inflammation. Diagnostics that may be recommended include: Abdominal radiographs (x-rays): While these images are not usually very helpful in establishing a . Diarrhea. 30. Watson PJ, Archer J, Roulois AJ, et al. wikiHow, Inc. is the copyright holder of this image under U.S. and international copyright laws. Lethargy. Performance validation and method comparison of an in-clinic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of canine pancreatic lipase. Diagnosis and the diagnostic approach to acute pancreatitis remain challenging due to the variable severity and inconsistent presenting clinical signs associated with the disease. 40. Analgesics will be given to control the intense pain, and intravenous fluids will be given to maintain normal fluid and electrolyte balance and perfuse the pancreatic tissues. Am J Vet Res 2002;63:722-727. Lung inflammation associated with clinical acute necrotizing pancreatitis in dogs. 31. Results of a complete blood count (CBC), serum biochemistry panel, and urinalysis convey general information about the patient and are useful in the diagnosis or exclusion of other diseases. Cordner AP, Sharkey LC, Armstrong PJ, et al. J Vet Intern Med 2012;26(6):1295-1299. 42. Pancreatitis in dogs occurs when the pancreas becomes inflamed and irritated. However, with severe or repeated episodes of pancreatitis, one or more of the following problems may develop: Dogs with chronic pancreatitis are more likely to develop the above secondary conditions. Gastroenteritis in Dogs: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, and FAQs - PetMD Sudden vomiting. Pancreatitis in dogs - PDSA wikiHow, Inc. is the copyright holder of this image under U.S. and international copyright laws. Figure 3. 28. 7. Most dogs recover from pancreatitis with little issue. J Vet Intern Med 2019;33(1):79-88. If the attack is severe, acute shock, severe depression, and even death may occur. Treatmentincludes prompt and aggressive supportive care, hospitalization, IV fluids, anti-nausea medications, pain medications, and a low-fat diet. Canine pancreatitis | Vet Focus - Royal Canin 16. Canine Chronic Pancreatitis in Dogs - Pet Health Network Three-phase computed tomography angiography (CTA) has been evaluated in dogs with acute pancreatitis as a diagnostic and prognostication tool.12,35 Multiple changes have been demonstrated in the appearance of the pancreas, peripancreatic tissues, and adjacent vessels.12,35,36 In a recent study, dogs with more heterogeneous contrast enhancement spent a significantly longer duration in hospital (>5 days), had an increased number of relapses, and were significantly more likely to have portal vein thrombosis.12 Heterogenous contrast enhancement was correlated to increased Spec cPL (IDEXX Reference Laboratories; idexx.com) when compared with homogeneous pancreatic contrast enhancement.12 Initial findings indicate that CTA is an additional, superior diagnostic modality in evaluating dogs with suspect acute pancreatitis; however, further studies are warranted. Steiner JM, Teague SR, Williams DA. Choose amount . Schaer MA. However, in many cases, it appears to occur spontaneously. Cause-and-effect relationships have not been established for most published risk factors, with the veterinary literature consisting of single case reports and relatively small retrospective studies. Pancreatitis in Dogs | Medical Articles | BluePearl Pet Hospital Jensen KB, Chan DL. The pancreas produces enzymes to assist in food digestion and hormones such as insulin, which regulates blood sugar or glucose metabolism. By signing up you are agreeing to receive emails according to our privacy policy. 6. This can cause dehydration. Dogs not treated may progress to the hemorrhagic form and suffer severe consequences, including sudden death. Make an appointment with your doctor if you have acute onset or persistent abdominal pain. Mansfield C, Beths T. Management of acute pancreatitis in dogs: a critical appraisal with focus on feeding and analgesia. See the handout Pancreatitis in Dogs - Pancreas-Specific Lipase for further details on this test. In addition, highly specific and sensitive tests, like cPL, can be used to differentiate acute pancreatitis from other diseases causing similar clinical signs in dogs. J Small Anim Pract 2015;56(1):3-12. If you suspect your dog is suffering from pancreatitis, take it to the vet for an exam and blood work. A complex and interdependent cytokine storm ensues, leading to production of reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, and cytokines, as well as activation of other pathways (complement, kinin-kallikrein, and renin-angiotensin systems), which further perpetuates the local inflammatory reaction.3 The end result is digestive enzyme damage not only to the acinar cell, but to the vascular endothelium, producing microcirculatory changes, vasoconstriction, capillary stasis, progressive ischemia, and edema of the pancreas.3,18 Generated inflammatory free radicals and inflammatory cytokines may be released into the circulation, which may lead to organ failure (e.g., acute respiratory distress syndrome and acute kidney injury).20,21, Acute pancreatitis is reversible unless the initial trigger persists or there is chronic recurrent inflammation.3,5,16,19 In veterinary medicine, the pathologic description depends on histologic descriptions, with different forms of pancreatitis (e.g., acute necrotizing, acute, chronic) overlapping in clinical presentation.3,16, No single clinical sign or combination of clinical signs is pathognomonic for pancreatitis.2,10,16 Clinical signs are nonspecific and rely on the degree and severity of local pancreatic inflammation as well as the existence of concurrent systemic complications (BOX 1).2,3,19, Dogs with subclinical or mild disease can display nonspecific signs such as intermittent anorexia and weakness with no gastrointestinal signs. Vet Pathol 2017;54(1):129-140. Histopathology has been previously considered the gold standard for the diagnosis of pancreatitis.16 This is somewhat inaccurate, as microscopic evidence of pancreatic inflammation does not always translate to clinical presentation or signs. If your doghas some of these problems for more than a day, or if these symptoms keep coming back, take them to the vet. Many times, it is -- but it could be a condition called pancreatitis. Lem KY, Fosgate GT, Norby B, Steiner JM. Think of this as a time-release capsule that suddenly bursts before it reaches its intended target; in this case, the pancreatic enzymes start to digest before they should. Stay current with the latest techniques and information sign up below to start your FREE Todays Veterinary Practice subscription today. These things givethe pancreas a rest. Usually, though, they'll need to do blood tests or an ultrasound, which uses sound waves to make an image of what's going on inside the body. It can be acute or chronic and subclinical or associated with various clinical signs. Dogs with subclinical or mild disease can display nonspecific signs such as intermittent anorexia and weakness with no gastrointestinal signs. Pancreatitis in dogs, symptoms and treatment | Vets4Pets 10. Figure 2. Observational study of 14 cases of chronic pancreatitis in dogs. Management of these conditions is a significant factor in treatment success. 23. 5. Consenting to these technologies will allow us to process data such as browsing behavior or unique IDs on this site. Look for food that's easy to digest. J Vet Diagn Invest 2010;22(5):702-707. It is relatively noninvasive and has good diagnostic yield, with relatively few complications. Xenoulis PG. By using our site, you agree to our. Giving your dog IV fluids is also a common practice for pancreatitis.. Ultrasonography is the imaging method of choice and has become a readily available and commonly used imaging modality in general practice. Dr. Spragley holds a BS in Biology from SUNY Albany and has a Doctor of Veterinary Medicine degree (DVM) from Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine. Unfortunately, some dogs with pancreatitis, especially chronic pancreatitis, will escape detection with many of these tests. Development of a clinical severity index for dogs with acute pancreatitis. During an attack, some dogs try to ease the pain by taking a "praying position.". American Kennel Club Canine Health Foundation: "Pancreatitis. In (B) and (C), the surrounding hyperechoic peripancreatic mesentery is noted (*). Monitor your dog's hydration and activity level. Gibbs C, Denny HR, Minter HM, Pearson H. Radiological features of inflammatory conditions of the canine pancreas. According to a study, middle-aged and geriatric overweight dogs are more vulnerable to this gastrointestinal problem. It is recommended that positive SNAP cPL results be followed by laboratory assessment using the quantitative immunoassay (Spec cPL or equivalent).9 Spec cPL results 200 g/L are consistent with an absence of pancreatic inflammation, while results 400 g/L are consistent with a diagnosis of pancreatitis. Older dogs and ones who are overweight are also more likely to get it. Thanks to all authors for creating a page that has been read 60,908 times. when compared with homogeneous pancreatic contrast enhancement. A clinicopathologic survey of acute pancreatitis in 30 dogs and 5 cats. This image may not be used by other entities without the express written consent of wikiHow, Inc.
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\n<\/p><\/div>"}, How to Treat Your Dog's Rectal or Vaginal Prolapse. Haworth MD, Hosgood G, Swindells KL, Mansfield CS. Ketamine plays a role in reduction of central sensitization and may help reduce nociception from intra-abdominal organs and visceral peritoneum.1 Canine pancreatic lipase originates only from pancreatic acinar cells. ) Due to the wide range of clinical signs and possible causes for pancreatitis, there are multiple tests and methods for determining the diagnosis of pancreatitis. Mansfield C, Beths T. Management of acute pancreatitis in dogs: a critical appraisal with focus on feeding and analgesia. A dog that has acute pancreatitis will have more serious clinical signs, such as: Severe lethargy Abdominal pain Persistent vomiting Severe dehydration Collapse and shock (sometimes) A dog with chronic pancreatitis is typically not as sick. How to Spot Signs of Pancreatitis in Dogs + Causes & Treatments - wikiHow Pancreatitis and Other Disorders of the Pancreas in Dogs Ultrasound studies often diagnose pancreatic inflammation or local peritonitis caused by this condition. The diagnosis of acute pancreatitis can be difficult due to the variable and nonspecific spectrum of clinical presentation. In severe cases, dogs may be recumbent and in shock. Furrow E, Armstrong PJ, Patterson EE. Can J Vet Res 2004;68(4):315-318. Steiner JM, Williams DA. Copyright 2023 Today's Veterinary Practice Web DesignbyPHOS Creative, BOX 1 Common Clinical Findings in Dogs With Acute Pancreatitis, BOX 2 Risk Factors Associated With Acute Pancreatitis. Pancreatitis can range from being mild to severe. Acute pancreatitis and acute kidney injury in dogs. No single clinical sign or combination of clinical signs is pathognomonic for pancreatitis. The technical storage or access that is used exclusively for anonymous statistical purposes. The pancreas is a vital organ on the right side of the abdomen adjacent to the stomach. Pancreatitis in dogs is a significant illness and is considered to be the most common disease of the exocrine pancreas, although the exact prevalence is unknown. Effect of pancreatic tissue sampling on serum pancreatic enzyme levels in clinically healthy dogs. Dogs who are not vomiting may be fed a low-fat, highly digestible diet during recovery. Evaluation of fresh frozen plasma administration in dogs with pancreatitis: 77 cases (1995-2005). J Vet Intern Med 2016;30(1):116-122. Kook PH, Kohler N, Hartnack S, et al. Steiner JM, Teague SR, Williams DA. Pancreatic cytology is gaining popularity in veterinary medicine. 36. Management is centered around diagnosis and treatment of . Steiner JM, Berridge BR, Wojcieszyn J, et al. Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography of the pancreas in healthy dogs and in dogs with acute pancreatitis. This image is not<\/b> licensed under the Creative Commons license applied to text content and some other images posted to the wikiHow website. 41. Yuki M, Hirano T, Nagata N, et al. This image may not be used by other entities without the express written consent of wikiHow, Inc.
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\u00a9 2023 wikiHow, Inc. All rights reserved. With pancreatitis, these enzymes are activated prematurely in the pancreas instead of later in the small intestine. Evaluation of SNAP cPL,Spec cPL, VetScan cPL Rapid Test, and Precision PSL assays for the diagnosis of clinical pancreatitis in dogs. Get My Quotes! 29. 25. Dogs with pancreatitis is a common, painful condition that is normally characterized by vomiting, diarrhea, and fever and often results in the swelling and inflammation of the pancreas. Adrian AM, Twedt DC, Kraft SL, Marolf AJ. Development of a clinical severity index for dogs with acute pancreatitis. The technical storage or access that is used exclusively for statistical purposes. J Vet Intern Med 2012;26(3):513-517. Abnormal posture; arching of the back. Chronic pancreatitis is a long-term condition and . J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2017;27(4):425-433. Dogs can express abdominal pain in different ways, but three common presentations are yelping when the abdomen is touched, hunching their back, or assuming a 'praying position' with their head and forelimbs on the floor and hind end elevated. They may carelessly eat anything they find, such as spoiled food, or consume large amounts of dog food. Gori E, Lippi I, Guidi G, et al. 32. Associations between dietary factors and pancreatitis in dogs. For more tips from our Veterinary co-author, including how to feed a dog recovering from pancreatitis, keep reading! wikiHow, Inc. is the copyright holder of this image under U.S. and international copyright laws. Nutritional management of acute pancreatitis in dogs and cats. The diagnosis of acute pancreatitis can be difficult because clinical signs and results of diagnostic testing are often nonspecific. "Her enzymes are very high. French JM, Twedt DC, Rao S, Marolf AJ. Clinical signs of pancreatitis in dogs may range from mild to severe and life-threatening, and can include vomiting, lethargy, anorexia or decreased appetite, diarrhea and abdominal pain 8 11. wikiHow is where trusted research and expert knowledge come together. Mansfield C. Pathophysiology of acute pancreatitis: potential application from experimental models and human medicine to dogs. The associated inflammation allows digestive enzymes from the pancreas to spill into the abdominal cavity resulting in secondary damage to the liver, bile ducts, gall bladder, and intestines. Symptoms of Pancreatitis in Dogs and How to Treat It Gori E, Lippi I, Guidi G, et al. The sensitivity of Spec cPL (or cPL) has been shown to be higher in dogs with increasing histologic severity. Furthermore, a relationship between the SPINK1 gene variant and clinically detectable pancreatitis could not be confirmed.30. Most cases of acute pancreatitis are considered to be idiopathic, with no identified inciting cause. This results in the digestion of the pancreas itself. This image is not<\/b> licensed under the Creative Commons license applied to text content and some other images posted to the wikiHow website. Common signs of pancreatitis in dogs include: Nausea and vomiting. Diagnosis of pancreatitis in dogs and cats. 14. This image is not<\/b> licensed under the Creative Commons license applied to text content and some other images posted to the wikiHow website. Dogs suspected of having pancreatitis may experience vomiting, lethargy and a painful abdomen, but clinical signs can be more vague. Sign up for wikiHow's weekly email newsletter, Medically-verified ways to identify pancreatitis in canines. Pancreatitis in Dogs - Kennel to Couch 17. Diarrhea or vomiting can cause dehydration, but those signs together will cause a greater fluid deficit and dehydration because the dog's fluid input (drinking) cannot keep up with the fluid. 27. 22. Pancreatitis can be acute, meaning it comes on all of a sudden with no warning, or chronic. Log in 24/7 to access your pets health care information. With severe hemorrhagic pancreatitis, or if the dog shows signs of systemic shock, intensive care with aggressive doses of intravenous fluids and medications to counteract shock will be necessary. 11. Computed tomographic angiography and ultrasonography in the diagnosis and evaluation of acute pancreatitis in dogs. Figure 3. Diagnosis and the diagnostic approach to acute pancreatitis remain challenging due to the variable severity and inconsistent presenting clinical signs associated with the disease. Dogs with subclinical or mild disease can display nonspecific signs such as intermittent anorexia and weakness with no gastrointestinal signs. Abdominal radiographs from a dog with pancreatitis. For the first 24 hours, your vet may recommend no food or water, or may continue to give your pet food. If the attack is severe, acute shock, severe depression, and even death may occur. Additionally, note any behavioral symptoms, such as a decreased appetite, depression, or lethargy. The most common symptoms include vomiting, pain in the belly, and decreased appetite. 46. This article has been viewed 60,908 times. Lethargy. Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography of the pancreas in healthy dogs and in dogs with acute pancreatitis. 1. 24. The diagnosis of acute pancreatitis can be difficult due to the variable and nonspecific spectrum of clinical presentation. More commonly, a fatty meal, like bacon grease or table scraps, triggers it. We know you want the best for your dog, and fortunately, catching the symptoms early enough can help you care for your companion and get them the right treatment they need. Observational study of 14 cases of chronic pancreatitis in dogs. What is the pancreas, and what does it do exactly for our pets? Hecht S, Henry G. Sonographic evaluation of the normal and abnormal pancreas. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2014;24(2):135-143. 39. 42. Kalli I, Adamama-Moraitou K, Rallis TS. Dr. Walton is a clinical assistant professor in small animal internal medicine at the University of Florida. Can J Vet Res 2003;67(3):175-182. 1. Retrospective evaluation of the impact of early enteral nutrition on clinical outcomes in dogs with pancreatitis: 34 cases (2010-2013). The most common pancreatitis signs are: Nausea. References. The sensitivity of Spec cPL (or cPL) has been shown to be higher in dogs with increasing histologic severity.23,32,37, No diagnostic test is 100% sensitive or specific, and the clinical diagnosis should be interpreted in conjunction with the signalment, history, physical examination, CBC and serum biochemistry results, and abdominal ultrasonography findings.9,23,43 Up to 78% of dogs with upper gastrointestinal obstruction may have an elevated cPL, possibly due to increased leakage of immunoassay-positive lipase into the circulation.9 The Precision PSL assay is not specific for pancreatic lipase; therefore, its results may show increased levels in conditions other than pancreatitis.9. 37. Rademacher N, Schur D, Gaschen F, et al. The SPEC-CPL test, which stands for Specific Canine Pancreatic Lipase test, can be run in the clinic quickly, providing a positive or negative result. Sensitivity and specificity of canine pancreas-specific lipase (cPL) and other markers for pancreatitis in 70 dogs with and without histopathologic evidence of pancreatitis. Pancreatitis in Dogs - Vetstreet | Vetstreet Development and analytic validation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the measurement of canine pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity in serum. Pancreatitis in Dogs: Treatment and Follow-Up Care - Today's Veterinary Pancreatitis in Dogs and Cats - Merck Veterinary Manual Sensitivity and specificity of canine pancreas-specific lipase (cPL) and other markers for pancreatitis in 70 dogs with and without histopathologic evidence of pancreatitis. The specificity of ultrasonography has not been evaluated because histology would be required to establish the diagnosis.3,16, Ultrasonography is better at detecting severe acute necrotizing pancreatitis than mild or subclinical pancreatitis. Recognizing symptoms is the first step to. 43. In (D), the contour of the pancreas is irregular and abdominal effusion is present (arrow). This image is not<\/b> licensed under the Creative Commons license applied to text content and some other images posted to the wikiHow website. Vets report more cases of pancreatitis during the holidays, when people are eating more fatty foods and so are their pets. 3. Vet J 2016;215:87-95. If a significant number of cells that produce insulin are destroyed, diabetes mellitus can result. But sometimes, vomiting, diarrhea, lack of appetite, and lethargy can be signs of potentially serious conditionslike pancreatitis. If your dog is dehydrated and/or lethargic, go to the emergency vet. Furrow E, Armstrong PJ, Patterson EE. Nutritional management of acute pancreatitis in dogs and cats. Am J Vet Res 2003;64(10):1237-1241. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine - Wiley Online Library J Vet Intern Med 2012;26(4):888-896. In this article we provide a state-of-the-art overview of suspected risk factors for pancreatitis in dogs, allowing for improved awareness and detection of potential dog-specific risk factors, which might guide the development of disease prevention strategies. inflammation of the pancreatic and peripancreatic fat. Seek immediate medical help if your abdominal pain . wikiHow, Inc. is the copyright holder of this image under U.S. and international copyright laws. Development and validation of a novel clinical scoring system for short-term prediction of death in dogs with acute pancreatitis. It is relatively noninvasive and has good diagnostic yield, with relatively few complications.44-46 Further studies are needed in veterinary medicine to fully evaluate this technique as a diagnostic tool in the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. Chronic pancreatitis in dogs - PubMed Signs of continued pain may include vocalization/crying, failure to respond or interact with people, and guarding, vocalizing, or pulling away when the abdomen is palpated. 15. This image may not be used by other entities without the express written consent of wikiHow, Inc.
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\u00a9 2023 wikiHow, Inc. All rights reserved. Dogs with chronic pancreatitis will . EJCAP 2009;19:147-155. Dogs suffering from gastroenteritis exhibit a sudden onset of vomiting and/or diarrhea and may lose a large volume of body fluids and electrolytes. They may also get drugs to help ease nausea and vomiting. . The most common clinical signs include nausea, vomiting, fever, lethargy, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and decreased appetite. wikiHow, Inc. is the copyright holder of this image under U.S. and international copyright laws. Diagnosis of pancreatitis in dogs and cats. Based on their increased activity in experimentally induced pancreatitis, serum amylase and lipase were previously used to assess for clinical pancreatitis. Pancreatitis - Symptoms and causes - Mayo Clinic The signs of a dog with chronic pancreatitis are less severe and may include lethargy, decreased appetite or refusal to eat, abdominal pain, and/or vomiting. ", The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine: "Holiday Safety Tips for Pet Owners.". Clinical signs of pancreatitis in dogs usually include some or all of the following: Vomiting. Validation and diagnostic efficacy of a lipase assay using the substrate 1,2-o-dilauryl-rac-glycero glutaric acid-(6 methyl resorufin)-ester for the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis in dogs. Cook AK, Breitschwerdt EB, Levine JF, et al. Dogs with pancreatitis will often stop eating and drinking because of the pain associated with this disease. Ingestion of unusual food items or garbage is linked to the development of pancreatitis (i.e., inappropriate food rather than the fat/protein content of food). Pancreatitis can come on all at once and then pass, or it can stay for longer periods. J Small Anim Pract 2015;56(1):13-26. Your dog doesn't need to eat human food. Discuss food options with your vet. 35. He is also a Certified Canine Rehabilitation Therapist (CCRT) through the Canine Rehab Institute as well as a Certified Veterinary Acupuncturist (CVA) through Chi University. 32. Mansfield C. Acute pancreatitis in dogs: advances in understanding, diagnostics, and treatment. wikiHow, Inc. is the copyright holder of this image under U.S. and international copyright laws. Acute pancreatitis in dogs: a review article. Top Companion Anim Med 2012;27(3):123-132. Read Articles Written by Stuart A. Walton, treatment of pancreatitis is addressed here, Breed (terriers, schnauzers, poodles, Cavalier King Charles spaniels), Dietary factors (low-protein/high-fat diets, ingestion of garbage and unusual food), Previous surgery (e.g., adrenalectomy, neuter, spay), Endocrine disease (diabetes mellitus, hyperadrenocorticism, hypothyroidism), Adverse drug reactions (azathioprine, L-asparaginase, sulfonamides, zinc, clomipramine, hydrochlorothiazide, potassium bromide with phenobarbital), Duct obstruction (i.e., ductal hypertension), Infectious (e.g., babesiosis, leishmaniasis).