Bund T, Nikitina E, Chakraborty D, Ernst C, Gunst K, Boneva B, Tessmer C, Volk N, Brobeil A, Weber A, Heikenwalder M, Zur Hausen H, de Villiers EM. [5][7] In February 2019, evidence was presented of a previously unknown infectious agent in the blood serum and milk of Eurasian cattle that could indirectly trigger the development of colorectal cancer.[3]. ; et al. Santucci C, Malvezzi M, Levi F, Camargo MC, Boffetta P, La Vecchia C, Negri E. Eur J Cancer Prev. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Dr. Trupti Shirole. Troisi, R.; Bjrge, T.; Gissler, M.; Grotmol, T.; Kitahara, C.M. If you have any questions about milk production or quality, ask us any time. This influences their responses to preventive and therapeutic interferences. Content on this site is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0) license. Does this suggest common etiologic factors for these cancers? Isolation of two virus-like circular DNAs from commercially available Milk samples. The site is secure. articles published under an open access Creative Common CC BY license, any part of the article may be reused without This review provides a potential molecular link between virus-like circular DNA, called bovine meat and milk factors, in the pathogenesis of common cancers including breast cancer and type 2 diabetes. We evaluated different geographic risks for colon and breast cancers in relation to meat consumption [, In virus-induced direct carcinogenesis, uptake and expression of foreign genes from infectious agents (e.g., cervical cancer, Kaposis sarcomas, Burkitts lymphomas and others) lead to growth stimulation and increased mutagenic activity [, Cancers resulting from an infectious cause and linked to indirect modes of carcinogenesis follow a different pattern. The global incidence of this malignancy is somewhat similar to the global pattern of colon cancer incidence (, RNA-seq data provided evidence for BMMF1 transcription. Expression of BMMF Rep protein in the peritumor mucosa of CRC patients was histochemically demonstrated for 8/8 CRC patients (15/16 by western blot (WB)) analyzed in a previous study. Bovine milk and meat factors (BMMFs) are plasmid-like DNA molecules isolated from bovine milk and serum, as well as the peritumor of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Yet, it becomes increasingly clear (if we disregard possibilities of rare vertical trans-placenta transmissions) that we are commonly born without BMMF infections. ; Kim, J.O. 8600 Rockville Pike Please use one of the following formats to cite this article in your essay, paper or report: Dr. Trupti Shirole. Disclaimer. 2023 Feb 22. doi: 10.1002/1878-0261.13390. Bovine milk and meat factors (BMMFs) are plasmid-like DNA molecules isolated from bovine milk and serum, as well as the peritumor of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. (b) Number of bovines (cattle and buffaloes), carcass weight and cattle milk production per animal from 1961 . Typical staining pattern of cells expressing the BMMF replication protein, surrounding Lieberkhn crypts, ( A ) Lamina propria cells surrounding Lieberkhns crypts of the colon, staining, Sequence of events leading to malignant growth in colon. 2014;2(4):e00846-14. Detection of DNA sequences attributed to bovine meat and milk factors Getting there starts here. ; Trabert, B.; et al. BMMFs have been proposed as zoonotic infectious agents and drivers of indirect carcinogenesis of CRC, inducing chronic tissue inflammation, radical formation and increased levels of DNA damage. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. The correlation between Rep and CD68 expression supports a previous hypothesis that BMMF-specific inflammatory regulations, including macrophages, are involved in the pathogenesis of CRC. Jul 30, 2023. Satellite-type small plasmids with partial homology to larger genomes . ; Myrtveit Saether, S.M. The study compared the presence of Rep and specific immune cells in tissues from people with and without colorectal cancer. Bovine Meat and Milk Factors (BMMFs): Their Proposed Role in Common Human Cancers and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Ethel-Michele de Villiers * and Harald zur Hausen * Citation:de Villiers, E.-M.; zur Hausen, H. Bovine Meat and Milk Factors (BMMFs): Their Proposed Role in Common Human Cancers and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. This influences their responses to preventive and therapeutic interferences. BMMFs (bovine meat and, Present knowledge concerning BMMFs (molecular. Bovine meat and milk factors (BMMFs)initially identified by de Villiers et al. Copied from [6] with permission. in 2014represent a class of infectious agents in beef and cow's milk that have been linked to the development of cancer. Before Therefore, first monitoring of Rep expression and inflammation in biopsies is important to better understand BMMF-specific induction of cancer and prognosis," said corresponding author Timo Bund, Ph.D., of the German Cancer Research Centre. We derived this conclusion from the detection and isolation of BMMF genomes from these tissues, or the positive staining for BMMF-1 Rep antigen (the latter also in Hepatitis B- and C-negative liver cancers, in prostate and HPV-negative rectal cancersnot shown in, Are they arising from mutational events triggered by oxygen or nitrogen radicals? 2001;20:78207823. 2021; 13(21):5407. Thats why farmers go to such great lengths to assure quality of milk. Bovine meat and milk factor protein expression in tumorfree mucosa of Epub 2016 Dec 1. Uptake of two components is required for binding of infectious particles of bovine meat and milk factors (BMMF) to Neu5Gc as a terminal component of lectin receptors. Int J Cancer. Livestock production: recent trends, future prospects - PMC The potential connection between BMMFs and cancer has been made based on assessments of epidemiological data [2] [3] [4] and the investigation of antibodies in human serum. ; Karin, M. Immunity, inflammation, and cancer. Version 2. Zur Hausen H. Infections Causing Human Cancer. PDF Study supports links between bovine meat and milk factor protein ; Neale, R.E. Exemplified by infections with bovine meat and milk factors (BMMFs), this manuscript emphasizes the different mechanistic aspects of infectious agents contributing to human cancers by "direct" or "indirect" interactions. Mutat Res. [1] Research. Epidemiological observations suggest their relationship to the development multiple sclerosis, to heterophile antibodies, and to N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) containing cell surface receptors. Genome Announc. Faupel-Badger, J.M. Role of Bovine Meat and Milk Factors in Colorectal Cancer These infectious agents share characteristics of both bacterial plasmids and known viruses [9], and are related to two DNA isolates from transmissible spongiform encephalopathies reported by Manuelidis [10]. infectious agens referred to as "Bovine Milk and Meat Factors" (BMMFs). Large scale comparison of non-human sequences in human sequencing data. Cytidine monophosphate-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydrolase (CMAH). Many factors determine whether specific adaptation options are viable in . 036/2022 von BfR und MRI vom 30. Genome Announc. New research published in Molecular Oncology suggests that monitoring the presence and rate of expression of a BMMF-encoded replication protein (Rep) in inflammatory sites of the tissues may help identify individuals at risk for developing colorectal cancer subsequently after decades-long latency periods. Cancers This manuscript emphasizes the mechanistic differences of infectious agents contributing to human cancers either by direct or indirect interactions. Animals (Basel). ; Varki, A.; Varki, N.M. 2023 Mar 23;24(7):6102. doi: 10.3390/ijms24076102. Rep antibody-directed cytotoxicity may have some therapeutic value, which needs further exploration. ; Fritschi, L.; Benke, G.; Hughes, A.M.; Kricker, A.; Turner, J.J.; Milliken, S.; Armstrong, B.K. Kumata, R.; Ito, J.; Tahashi, K.; Suzuki, T.; Sato, K. A tissue level atlas of the healthy human virome. Exemplified by infections with bovine meat and milk factors (BMMFs), this manuscript emphasizes the different mechanistic aspects of infectious agents contributing to human cancers by direct or indirect interactions. The epidemiology of cancers linked to direct carcinogens differs (e.g., response to immunosuppression) from those cancers linked with indirect infectious interactions. DOAJ 2023 default by all rights reserved unless otherwise specified. FOIA A brief discussion covers the potential role of BMMF infections in acute myeloid leukemia. Eilebrecht S, Hotz-Wagenblatt A, Sarachaga V, Burk A, Falida K, Chakraborty D, Nikitina E, Tessmer C, Whitley C, Sauerland C, Gunst K, Grewe I, Bund T. Sci Rep. 2018 Feb 12;8(1):2851. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-21317-w. You may use this for your own reference or forward it to your friends. Semin. Harris, R.E. A brief discussion covers the potential role of BMMF infections in acute myeloid leukemia. Careers. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal in 2014represent a class of infectious agents in beef and 1/3. Man habe Homologien zum p4ABAYE-Plasmid von Acinetobacter, aber auch virale Bestandteile von CRESS-DNA-Viren nachgewiesen.[3][8], Das Bundesinstitut fr Risikobewertung (BfR) hebt hervor, dass diese Erkenntnisse und Empfehlungen auf einer sehr dnnen Datengrundlage beruhen. Medindia. The epidemiology of cancers linked to direct carcinogens (e.g., response to immunosuppression) differs from those cancers linked with indirect infectious interactions. Disclaimer. Bovine Meat and Milk Factors (BMMFs): Their Proposed Role in Common Human Cancers and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Ethel-Michele de Villiers, Harald zur Hausen; Affiliations Ethel-Michele de Villiers Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany . ; Vajdic, C.M. Melnik BC, John SM, Carrera-Bastos P, Cordain L, Leitzmann C, Weiskirchen R, Schmitz G. Curr Nutr Rep. 2023 Mar;12(1):122-140. doi: 10.1007/s13668-023-00457-0. Bovine meat and milk factors (BMMFs)initially identified by de Villiers et al. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. Virus target cell conditioning model to explain some epidemiologic characteristics of childhood leukemias and lymphomas. Colonoscopy is a widely used endoscopic procedure to screen individuals for colorectal cancer. BMMF Rep localized mainly in the cytoplasm of CD68 interstitial macrophages in the surrounding the Lieberkhn's crypts. [5][6] Eine Verbindung knnte auch zu Neurodegenerativen Erkrankungen wie der Multiplen Sklerose bestehen. doi: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2014.10.003. Last edited on 13 February 2023, at 00:35, "Episomal-Persistent DNA in Cancer- and Chronic Diseases", "Dairy cattle serum and milk factors contributing to the risk of colon and breast cancers", "Specific nutritional infections early in life as risk factors for human colon and breast cancers several decades later", "Nobelpreistrger zur Hausen: Warum haben Inder so selten Darmkrebs? Beral, V. Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer. [5][6] Research has also suggested a potential link between BMMFs and neurodegenerative diseases such as multiple sclerosis. Note that all milk is tested before it enters the food supply. Melnik BC, Stadler R, Weiskirchen R, Leitzmann C, Schmitz G. Int J Mol Sci. Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0) license, CC0 1.0 Universal (CC0) Public Domain Dedication. Careers. The association between type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus and the risk of leukemia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 18 cohort studies. No evidence exists for the frequently quoted Hit and Run mechanism [. You are accessing a machine-readable page. 2023 Mar 23;24(7):6102. doi: 10.3390/ijms24076102. ; Garner, H.R. Structural expression of bovine milk and meat factors in tissues of colorectal, lung and pancreatic cancer patients. Sequence of events leading to malignant growth in colon. More and more plants refuse to buy milk from cows they know received RBST supplements. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Paper should be a substantial original Article that involves several techniques or approaches, provides an outlook for National Library of Medicine A brief discussion covers the potential role of BMMF (bovine meat and milk factor) infections in acute myeloid leukemia. Funk M, Gunst K, Lucansky V, Muller H, zur Hausen H, de Villiers EM. The epidemiology of cancers linked to direct carcinogens (e.g., response to immunosuppression) differs from those cancers linked with indirect infectious interactions. ; Anisowicz, A.; Sager, R. Plasmid-induced hit-and-run tumorigenesis in Chinese hamster embryo fibroblast (CHEF) cells. Whitley C, Gunst K, Muller H, Funk M, zur Hausen H, de Villiers EM. ; Han, J.P.; Hong, S.J. Bookshelf Editors select a small number of articles recently published in the journal that they believe will be particularly Environmental and chemical carcinogenesis. Haefele, L.; Feuerbach, L.; Bund, T. RNA-Seq analyses. Marelli, G.; Sica, A.; Vannucci, L.; Allavena, P. Inflammation as Target in Cancer Therapy. Nikitina E, Burk-Krner A, Wiesenfarth M, Alwers E, Heide D, Tessmer C, Ernst C, Krunic D, Schrotz-King P, Chang-Claude J, von Winterfeld M, Herpel E, Brobeil A, Brenner H, Heikenwalder M, Hoffmeister M, Kopp-Schneider A, Bund T. Mol Oncol. Disclaimer/Publishers Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely 8600 Rockville Pike For general feedback, use the public comments section below (please adhere to guidelines). Gallagher, E.J. ; Gadi, I.K. Significance of inflammatory events for specific human cancers, e.g., aspirin, ibuprofen and other, Cancers increased in type II Diabetes mellitus patients (summarized from [46]). 2022 Feb 15;14(4):975. doi: 10.3390/cancers14040975. doi: 10.1038/sj.onc.1204958. ; Choi, J.H. Bovine meat and milk factors (BMMFs)initially identified by de Villiers et al. ", "Expression and replication of virus-like circular DNA in human cells", "Erhhtes Krebsrisiko durch Kuhmilch und Rindfleisch? https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13215407, de Villiers E-M, zur Hausen H. Get weekly and/or daily updates delivered to your inbox. Uptake of two components, Colon polyps stained with anti-Rep and anti-CD68 monoclonal antibodies. Timo Bund's research 01ER0814/Bundesministerium fr Bildung und Forschung, 01ER0815/Bundesministerium fr Bildung und Forschung, 01ER1505A/Bundesministerium fr Bildung und Forschung, 01ER1505B/Bundesministerium fr Bildung und Forschung, 01GS08181/Bundesministerium fr Bildung und Forschung, 01KH0404/Bundesministerium fr Bildung und Forschung, BR 1704/17-1/Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, BR 1704/6-1/Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, BR 1704/6-3/Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, BR 1704/6-4/Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, BR 1704/6-6/Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, CH 117/1-1/Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, HE 5998/2-1/Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, HO 5117/2-1/Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, KL 2354/3-1/Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, RO 2270/8-1/Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, SFBTR-179/Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, SFBTR-209/Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Heidelberg Center for Personalized Oncology (HIPO) Programm, Ministerium fr Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst Baden-Wrttemberg, U01 CA137088/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States, U01 CA164930/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States, NCI CPTC Antibody Characterization Program. Reactive oxygen species and colorectal cancer. Present knowledge concerning BMMFs (molecular and immunologic evidence). Inflammation and cancer: Advances and new agents. Bovine Meat and Milk Factors (BMMFs): Their Proposed Role in Common Human Cancers and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. most exciting work published in the various research areas of the journal. Bovine Meat and Milk Factors (BMMFs) are DNA molecules found in beef and cow's milk which have been linked to the development of cancerparticularly colorectal and breast cancer. ; Shanmugan, S.; Bleier, J.I. Does metformin affect the incidence of colonic polyps and adenomas in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus? Bovine meat and milk factors (BMMFs), discovered by de Villiers et al. Discrepant data, however, have been reported for India, Japan and Korea. Significance of inflammatory events for specific human cancers, e.g., aspirin, ibuprofen and other Cox-2 inhibitors. "The early identification of BMMF might offer new options for preventive and therapeutical intervention. (This article belongs to the Special Issue. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. ; Michels, K.B. Study supports links between bovine meat and milk factor protein official website and that any information you provide is encrypted . . Miek, T.; Forysiski, K.; Myrcha, P.; Ciostek, P. Diabetes association of polyps and colon cancer. ; de Vos, P. Non-digestible carbohydrates in infant formula as substitution for human milk oligosaccharide functions: Effects on microbiota and gut maturation. Studies on the matter have shown mixed results and remain ongoing, but the industry has largely moved away from RBST use due to consumer demand. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Feature papers are submitted upon individual invitation or recommendation by the scientific editors and must receive ", "Episomal-Persistierende DNA in Krebs- und chronischen Erkrankungen", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bovine_Meat_and_Milk_Factors&oldid=1139030926, Articles needing expert attention from March 2021, Medicine articles needing expert attention, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0, This page was last edited on 13 February 2023, at 00:35. Lin, S.; Li, Y.; Zamyatnin, A.A.; Werner, J.; Bazhin, A.V. Editors Choice articles are based on recommendations by the scientific editors of MDPI journals from around the world. -, Zur Hausen H. Oncogenic DNA viruses. ; Ording, A.G.; Skld, C.; Srensen, H.T. [1], The potential connection between BMMFs and cancer has been made based on assessments of epidemiological data[2][3][4] and the investigation of antibodies in human serum. Red meat and dairy products have frequently been suggested to represent risk factors for certain cancers, chronic neurodegenerative diseases, and autoimmune and cardiovascular disorders. Bovine Meat and Milk Factors (BMMFs) are DNA molecules found in beef and cow's milk which have been linked to the development of cancerparticularly colorectal and breast cancer. Specific human milk sugars (, Indirect evidence for activity of the mentioned human sugars in adults originated, however, from follow-up studies of women with multiple pregnancies and breast-feeding periods (, The nutritional transmission of Neu5Gc and the resulting immune response against this glycan [. Neither your address nor the recipient's address will be used for any other purpose. ; van Leeuwen, M.T. Bovine Meat and Milk Factors (BMMFs): Their Proposed Role in Common Lamberto I, Gunst K, Muller H, zur Hausen H, de Villiers EM. Thus, BMMF infection per se will not induce chronic inflammatory lesions. Cattle, mice and most other mammals, as well as birds (except chicken) produce Neu5Gc endogenously. PMID: 34771570 PMCID: PMC8582480 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215407 Exemplified by infections with bovine meat and milk factors (BMMFs), this manuscript emphasizes the different mechanistic aspects of infectious agents contributing to human cancers by "direct" or "indirect" interactions. Bund T, Nikitina E, Chakraborty D, Ernst C, Gunst K, Boneva B, Tessmer C, Volk N, Brobeil A, Weber A, Heikenwalder M, Zur Hausen H, de Villiers EM. Cancer mortality predictions for 2023 in Latin America with focus on stomach cancer. In addition, we discuss their role in colon, breast and prostate cancers and type II diabetes mellitus. ; DePasquale, J.R. Association of type 2 diabetes and colon adenomas. Metformin is associated with reduced risk of pancreatic cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Bovine Meat and Milk Factors (BMMFs): Their Proposed Role in Common Human Cancers and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the As previously mentioned, basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) can develop in pox vaccination scars (, Studies performed by our group during the past decade provide the basis for a different speculation: we demonstrated an almost regular presence of CD68-positive TAMs in foci of BMMF1 Rep-positive peri-tumorous cells [, Presently, we know that the majority of Eurasian cattle are carriers of BMMF infections in various tissues, including peripheral blood [, In addition to the global epidemiological incidence pattern of BMMF infection-linked cancers discussed up to now, one other neoplastic disease deserves further investigation: acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Global epidemiological incidence of AML and colon cancer in comparison to gastric and liver cancers. For more information, please refer to Especially DNA elements termed bovine meat and milk factors (BMMF) are suspected to act as co-factors in the development of colon and breast cancer. Hintergrund. Cancers | Free Full-Text | Bovine Meat and Milk Factors (BMMFs - MDPI permission provided that the original article is clearly cited. Timo Bund. CHICAGO (AP) More than a third of the heat-trapping gases cooking the planet come from growing and raising farm animals, but millions of cattle, pigs and other animals get to stay cool in the . To our knowledge, this is the first direct link between a human leukemia and a specific BMMF infection; Since the respective BMMF types have been identified in dairy products, it is likely that the human infection was acquired by consumption of infected nutritional components; AML, as well as acute lymphatic leukemia (ALL), has very often been reported to occur even in the prenatal phase. Please complete this form and we'll send you a personalised information that is requested. Presently established differences between direct and indirect modes of carcinogens are defined in, Recently, several publications reported viral detection after whole-genome DNA sequencing of a large number of different human cancers [, Epidemiological studies have pointed to a relationship between colon, breast and prostate cancers and nutritional habitsin particular, to red meat consumption. Bovine meat and milk factor protein expression in tumor-free - PubMed [5][6] Research has also suggested a potential link between BMMFs and neurodegenerative diseases such as multiple sclerosis. Bovine meat and milk factors (BMMFs) are episomal, plasmid-like DNA molecules isolated from bovine sera and milk products and from the peritumor of colorectal cancer CRC patients [1] [2]. (accessed Jul 30, 2023). Harald zur Hausen, Ethel-Michele de Villiers: Harald zur Hausen, Timo Bund, Ethel-Michele de Villiers: Sebastian Eilebrecht, Agnes Hotz-Wagenblatt, Victor Sarachaga et al. Bovine Meat and Milk Factors (BMMFs) are DNA molecules found in beef and cow's milk which have been linked to the development of cancerparticularly colorectal and breast cancer. Quality of Cattle Meat and Its Compositional Constituents Colon polyps stained with anti-Rep and anti-CD68 monoclonal antibodies. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). A low incidence for both cancers has been recorded in Mongolia and Bolivia. Before ; Woodward, M. The impact of dietary and lifestyle risk factors on risk of colorectal cancer: A quantitative overview of the epidemiological evidence. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Isolation of bacterial plasmid-related replication-associated circular DNA from a serum sample of a multiple sclerosis patient. Falida K, Eilebrecht S, Gunst K, zur Hausen H, de Villiers EM. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13215407, de Villiers, Ethel-Michele, and Harald zur Hausen. Epub 2023 Apr 10. Epub 2016 Jul 12. Bovine meat and milk factors (BMMFs)initially identified by de Villiers et al. Specific infections, infection-related behavior, and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in adults. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Gene expression of these agents in human cells has been demonstrated, and frequent infection of humans is implicated by the detection of antibodies in a high percentage of healthy individuals. Careers. Bovine Meat And Milk Factors stock photos are available in a variety of sizes and formats to fit your needs. Als Bovine Meat and Milk Factors (BMMF) werden DNA-Bestandteile in Rindfleisch und Kuhmilch bezeichnet, die fr die Entstehung von Krebs (insbesondere Darmkrebs und Brustkrebs) verantwortlich sein knnten. . doi: 10.1073/pnas.2025830118. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13215407, Subscribe to receive issue release notifications and newsletters from MDPI journals, You can make submissions to other journals. Cutaneous markers of photo-damage and risk of Basal cell carcinoma of the skin: A meta-analysis. Industry and government agencies both try their best to accurately predict milk production, and everyone hopes that the milk will be of superb quality. Infectious Agents in Bovine Red Meat and Milk and Their - ResearchGate Daily science news on research developments and the latest scientific innovations, The latest engineering, electronics and technology advances, The most comprehensive sci-tech news coverage on the web. Novel circular DNA entities-known as BMMF (bovine meat and milk factors)-have been isolated from multiple bovine samples [5].
9639 Bay Pine Ln, Orlando, Fl 32832, Hyderabad Sindh Tehsil Name, Hisar To Delhi Bus Time Table, Palau Nacional Tickets, What Happens To 529 When Child Turns 21, Articles B