In the North Pacific, the water mass with a salinity maximum (>34.75 psu) is called the North Pacific Tropical Water (NPTW), which is generated in the subtropical gyre of the North Pacific13. The Pacific NECC is a major eastward moving surface current that transports more than 20 Sv from the West Pacific warm pool to the cooler east Pacific. In the Indian Ocean, the circulating current is being dominated by the impact of the reversing Asian monsoon winds. Equatorial Counter Current An ocean gyre is a large system of circular ocean currents formed by global wind patterns and forces created by Earths rotation. The faster it The latter is a source of the Indian South Equatorial Current. Ans. Tsuchiya Jet) and the North Equatorial Subsurface Current (NESC) are marked. Limnol. The equatorial undercurrents are centered on the equator at depths of 160 to 500 feet (49 to 152 m), flow eastward at rates up to 5 feet/s (1.5 m/s) this is approximately 1,000 feet (305 m) deep and 640 miles (1,030 km) wide. The stronger the surface current, the stronger the undercurrent is generated due to the baroclinic responses to the wind curl forcing. To obtain NEWSMAX LIVE | Wednesday, July 26, 2023 - Facebook An equatorial current is an oceanic currentwhich is flowing towards the west near the equator region. n. One of the surface currents drifting westward through the oceans at the equator. D.Y. The NESC is strong in boreal summer and La Nia and weak or absent in winter and El Nio in the far western Pacific Ocean. Cravatte, S., Kestenare, E., Marin, F., Dutrieux, P. & Firing, E. Subthermocline and intermediate zonal currents in the tropical Pacific Ocean: paths and vertical structure. The individual Argo temperature and salinity profiles in the NESC region are selected and downloaded at the Argo Data Management website https://www.argodatamgt.org/ for the water mass analyses. Dongliang Yuan. The westward area surface flow at the equator side in both the oceans is part of the South equatorial current. Only the westward currents are shaded in color to highlight the location of the NESC in (a). and D.Y. Yuan, D., Zhang, Z., Chu, P. & Dewar, W. Geostrophic circulation in the tropical North Pacific Ocean based on Argo profiles. Also, this NECC in the Atlantic completely stops blowing in the late winter and in the early spring. [4]. Main Currents in the Pacific Ocean | Oceans | Geography Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter what matters in science, free to your inbox daily. The equatorial currents in the Pacific Ocean play an important role in the distribution of water mass and heat and freshwaters of the warm pool, which is key to the evolution of anomalous climate events, like El Nio/Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Kessler, W. The circulation of the eastern tropical Pacific: A review. In equatorial current Japan, then east as the North Pacific Current (West Wind Drift), part of which then turns south as the California Current, which joins the equatorial countercurrent to form the Pacific North In the western Pacific the countercurrent is centred near 5N while in the central Pacific it is located near 7N. Abstract The structure and variations of the North Equatorial Countercurrent (NECC) in the far western Pacific Ocean during 201416 are investigated using repeated in situ hydrographic data, altimeter data, Argo data, and reanalysis data. The core of the geostrophic NESC is at the depths of 200500m, with velocity exceeding 2cms1 and a mean westward transport reaching 4.2Sv (1Sv=1106m3s1). Unit of the zonal velocity is cm s1. 2b, c). The rapid relative change in the coriolis parameter (a function of latitude) near the equator combined with the ITCZ being located north of the equator leads to similar rapid changes in the surface Ekman transport of the ocean and areas of convergence and divergence in the oceanic mixed layer. https://www.britannica.com/science/equatorial-current, The Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies - The South Equatorial Sys Current. Near the thermal equator, where the warmest surface water is found, there occurs the eastward-flowing Equatorial Counter Current. But Dr Hansen thinks the changes could plausibly explain most of the quicker warming that he sees in the data. Which currents are eastern boundary currents? - Studybuff.com The Equatorial Counter Current is an eastward flowing, wind-driven current which extends to depths of 100150 metres (330490ft) in the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans. Pacific Ocean The westward propagation of the annual cycle of the transport is consistent with the westward and downward propagation of baroclinic Rossby waves8, the dynamics of which are studied in a separate paper9. Get the most important science stories of the day, free in your inbox. In the density layers between =26.5kgm3 and 27.0kgm3, the NESC salinity becomes a little higher than in the upper part, which lies between the salinity of NPIW and South Pacific lower thermocline waters, suggesting origins from both hemispheres. The westerly winds are found in the south of about30 degrees towards the south, through a complicated process that includes the western boundary current intensification. Yuan, D. & Han, W. Roles of Equatorial waves and western boundary reflection in the seasonal circulation of the Equatorial Indian Ocean. Humboldt Current 4ac). Dashed lines in (c) indicate the standard errors of the means at a 95% significance level. In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles Hence, there is no counter-equatorial current as 20 Q The North Equatorial Current Speed is usually flowing at its depths. WebTrue. Gulf Stream B. Kuroshio Current C. North Equatorial Current D. Peru Current E. Somali Current Structure and dynamics of the Pacific North Equatorial If material is not included in the articles Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. Thermohaline circulation is wind-driven. J. Geophys. North Equatorial Current | Britannica Mar. gotbooks.miracosta.edu/oceans El Nio - Wikipedia Oceanogr. The superposition of the first three scaled baroclinic mode functions shows the existence of undercurrents below the surface currents (Fig. Below =27.0kgm3, where the NESC nearly vanishes, the salinity is higher than intermediate water salinity in both hemispheres, probably due to mixing with surrounding waters during the movement of the water masses. Climate change: Atlantic Ocean circulation is heading for a - CNN 3a, b). https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrc.20391 (2013). Salinity maxima of the North Pacific Tropical Water (NPTW) and South Pacific Tropical Water (SPTW), and salinity minima of the North Pacific Intermediate Water (NPIW) and the Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) are marked in the panels (df). Transpo J. Oceanogr. The structure, water mass properties, and the dynamics of the NESC are studied using Argo profiles and geostrophic currents, combined with moored current meter observations. [12], Like the Atlantic NECC, the Pacific NECC undergoes an annual cycle. Oceanogr. North Equatorial Current (Warm): The north equatorial current originates off the western coast of Mexico and flows in westerly direction (fig. Omissions? WebNorth Equatorial Current synonyms, North Equatorial Current pronunciation, North Equatorial Current translation, English dictionary definition of North Equatorial Current. The magnitude of the NECC weakens substantially east of 38W due to water being absorbed by the westward equatorial current south of 3N.[9]. The major zonal surface (North Equatorial Current, NEC; North Equatorial Countercurrent, NECC) and subsurface (NSCC; NESC) currents in the northern equatorial Login . TS relations of sea waters based on Argo profiles between 4 N and 6 N within 5 of longitude from 150 E in the western basin (a), and between 6 N and 8 N within 5 from 165 W and from 130 W in the central (b) and the eastern (c) basins. The largest current by volume in the oceans is the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. Michael Pidwirny, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Equatorial_Counter_Current&oldid=1131423147, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0, This page was last edited on 4 January 2023, at 02:52. Click here for example plots of seasonal averages. WebSynonyms for North Equatorial Current in Free Thesaurus. Equatorial current Article volume10, Articlenumber:11758 (2020) WebThe North Equatorial Counter Current (NECC) lies between 3-10N and is considered to roughly serve as the northern boundary for the South Equatorial Current (SEC) (Peterson and Stramma 1991; Bourles et. 5b), due to the zero crossings near 200m in the second and the third baroclinic modes (Fig. This study is supported by NSFC (41421005, 41720104008, 91858204), CAS (XDB42000000), QMSNL (2018SDKJ0104-02), and the Shandong Provincial project (U1606402). Cool water from high latitudes flows southward from the edge of British Columbia to Baja; this is the California Current. northeast monsoon (NovemberMarch), the Indian North Equatorial Current (or Northeast Monsoon Drift) flows southwest and west, crossing the Equator. It is fed by the westward-flowing North Equatorial Current moving from North Africa to the West Indies. North Equatorial Current The NEC is the broad westward flow that is the southern component of the N. Atlantic subtropical gyre. True Where does 80% of the garbage in the North Pacific Garbage patch come from? Figure 2. The existence of this current has been indicated by anecdotal evidence in some of the previous literatures: The Hawaii-to-Tahiti Shuttle Experiment2 showed a westward flow just north of the Northern Subsurface Countercurrent (NSCC, a.k.a. Oceanogr. This flow splits into the Antilles Current (east of the West Indies) and the Caribbean Current (around the Gulf of Mexico). McCreary, J. P. A linear stratified ocean model of the equatorial undercurrent. Zhai, F., Hu, D. & Qu, T. Decadal variations of the North Equatorial Current in the Pacific at 137E. The North Equatorial Current Commonly the North Equatorial Countercurrent (abbreviated as NECC), here the current flows from west to east at around about 3-10N in the Atlantic Ocean, Indian and in the Pacific basins. For example, during 2007/2008 and 2011/2012 La Nia events, the NESC transport anomalies were small, suggesting potential non-ENSO forcing of the interannual NESC, the dynamics of which need further investigation in a separate study. Google Scholar. The Observed North Equatorial Countercurrent in Gulf Stream | Map, Definition, Location, & Facts | Britannica In reality, the baroclinic modes of very high orders are weakly forced by winds and strongly dissipated by friction, except on the equator, where they are damped by the Newtonian cooling to generate the Yoshida jets15. The AMOC is a long current cycle 2b). J. Phys. The equatorial currents have similar climatic effects upon continental shores they touch, bringing warmth and higher humidity to the east coasts and dry conditions to the west. Scientific Reports Webdirected toward the west, the North Equatorial Current in the Northern Hemisphere and the South Equatorial Current in the Southern Hemisphere. The NECC shifted ~1 southward and intensified significantly with its transport exceeding 40 Sv (1 Sv 106 m3 J. Phys. In (df), the NESC cores are marked by the westward mean geostrophic velocity contours (white) at the interval of 1.0cms1 and the density surfaces are plotted as thick grey contours. When a meander from the Gulf Stream pinches off and isolates a body of water within the center of the North Atlantic gyre, the body of water is called a: cold core ring. Some of the Gulf Streams waters eventually arc southward as the Azores and Canary currents, which swing west to join upwelling water off the west coast of North Africa. The network is called the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, or AMOC, which includes the Gulf caused by steady northeasterly trade winds, Cite this article. The simulated NESC locates just below the NECC, with the core velocity exceeding 2cms1 westward. Using the larger Pacific basin as an example, the resulting dynamic height pattern consists of a trough at the equator, and ridge near 5 degrees north, a trough at 10N, and finally a ridge closer to 20N. The Gulf Stream is part of a general clockwise-rotating system of currents in the North Atlantic. L. Zhang is supported by NSFC (41776021) and by the Shandong Provincial project (2018SDKJ0105). 23, 517537 (1993). The current flows from east to west. Warm, salty water moves north from the tropics along the Gulf Stream off the U.S. East Coast to the North Atlantic, where it cools, sinks and heads south. [10] Physically, this implies that the altered convection in the Pacific Ocean due to El Nio drives changes in the meridional gradient of wind stress curl over the equatorial Atlantic. In the sub-thermocline layer between 200 and 500m, the strong eastward NSCC lies south of 4 N in the western basin and moves slightly northward in the eastern basin. Temperature Inversion - Types, Conditions, Effects and FAQs, Jet Stream - Layers, Formation, Types, Facts and FAQs, Forest Fire - Types, Effects, Natural Disaster and Management, Fly Ash - Concrete, Bricks, Sources, Relation and Facts, Rivers - Origin, History, Formation and Uses, Typhoon - Formation, Structure, Differences and FAQs, Relation Between Temperature and Humidity, Find Best Teacher for Online Tuition on Vedantu. At the Cape of Good Hope this feeds east into the South Indian Current, which supplies the West Australian Current. We also thank the NOAA and ECMWF for sharing their datasets. Its fastest component, near 6N, reaches the western Pacific around mid-summer. part of the warm North Equatorial Current, which turns northwestward as the Antilles Current upon reaching the West Indies and completes the North Atlantic circulation pattern. Generally, the current weakens to the east in the basin, with estimated flows of 21 Sv, 14.2 Sv, and 12 Sv in the western, central, and eastern Pacific, respectively. WebDefine equatorial current. WebNorth Equatorial Current definition, a westward-flowing ocean current occurring north of the equator in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. The major zonal surface (North Equatorial Current, NEC; North Equatorial Countercurrent, NECC) and subsurface (NSCC; NESC) currents in the northern equatorial Pacific Ocean are marked in (bd). The version of this Article previously published had omitted the Results section heading. The Pacific North Equatorial Current: New 1a). Menu Search. NEC is defined as North Equatorial Current frequently. WebNorth Equatorial Current definition, a westward-flowing ocean current occurring north of the equator in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. North Pacific Current | ocean current | Britannica List of Ocean Currents of the World The volume transport and the variability of the NESC increase from the east to the west, the phasing of which is consistent with westward propagation of baroclinic Rossby waves. Warm and unstable. Fine, R. A., Lukas, R., Bingham, F. M., Warner, M. J. Major Currents Off the northeastern coast of South America, this current splits into the Caribbean Current, which passes into the Caribbean Sea and through the Yucatn Channel into the Gulf of Mexico, and into the Antilles. The model is forced by the mean wind stress averaged from the monthly ERA interim data from 1979 to 2017. West of 145 E, the NESC is the only sub-thermocline equatorial current flowing westward toward the entrance of the Indonesian seas1, countering the strong eastward NECC and NSCC current systems. North Equatorial Current North Equatorial Current (Warm): The north equatorial current originates off the western coast of Mexico and flows in westerly direction (fig. Visitors wear sun hats and carry umbrellas as they leave the Forbidden City on a hot day in Beijing, Thursday, June 29, 2023. and R.L. Article WebThe Atlantic North Equatorial Current is pushed westward by the Northeast Trade Winds between latitude 10 and 20 N. Fed in part by the South Atlantic Equatorial, it turns north as the Antilles, Caribbean, and Florida currents, which eventually become the Gulf Stream. The Pacific North Equatorial Current: New J. Phys. Origins of the Kuroshio and Mindanao currents Webpolar easterlies: east to west between 50 o and 60 o north and south of the equator and the north and south pole; Earths Rotation. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Equatorial current The Kuroshio Current - named for the deep blue of its waters - is the western boundary current of the North Pacific subtropical gyre. Webster, P. J. polar easterlies prevailing westerlies trade winds north equatorial current equatorial counter current gulf stream north atlantic drift canary current south The schematic axes of the major subsurface zonal currents, the Northern Subsurface Countercurrent (NSCC, a.k.a. Usually, this flows at depths of less than 1,650 feet (that is 500 m), the equatorial currents travel at the rate of 10 to 40 inches per second (which is 25 to 100 cm per second). It ranges from the sea surface down to 400 m in the western Pacific. While thesouthernside is a clockwise subtropical gyre. The NECC should not be confused with the Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC). identified the sub-thermocline undercurrent below NECC and developed the scientific hypothesis of its dynamics. WebPeter Martyr of Angheira argues that the Gulf Stream must result from the deflection of the North Equatorial Current by the American mainland. Kessler, W. S. & McCreary, J. P. The annual Rossby wave in the subtermocline Equatorial Pacific. Somali Current. the Tsuchiya Jet) at 6 N7 N under the North Equatorial Countercurrent (NECC) in the central Pacific Ocean between 150 W and 158 W at depths of 175700m, with a mean velocity of 4.2cms1 and a mean transport of 2.5Sv; The westward NESC also existed in the geostrophic currents at 7 N in the 125 W and 110 W sections in the eastern Pacific Ocean3, between 4 N and 8 N in the repeated hydrography sections along 137 E in the western Pacific Ocean4, and in compilation of shipboard ADCP measurements and Argo geostrophic currents across the equatorial Pacific Ocean5. A linear continuously stratified model (LCSM) of ocean circulation is used to simulate the equatorial circulation in the Pacific Ocean. WebThe blackness of the Kuroshio Current stems from the fact that the downwelling-dominant subtropical North Pacific Ocean is low in biological productivity and is devoid of detritus and other organic material in the surface water. TheSouth Equatorial Currentis the oceanic currents in the Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, and the Indian Ocean. did the analyses of the Argo profiles and geostrophic currents. The interannual variations of the NESC transport reach as large as 4Sv in the far western Pacific Ocean (Fig. -Equatorial Countercurrent in the Pacific Ocean -North Equatorial Current in the North 29, 314 (1995). Gyres are defined as the large system of rotating ocean currents. Equatorial Current Is the Atlantic Ocean current system nearing collapse? Probably WebEquatorial Brazil Current Current th azil Current Figure 1 Schematic map showing the major surface currents of the tropical Atlantic Ocean between July and September when the 1. There is, however, an Indian South Equatorial Current. Corrections? The NESC is located between density layers of =26.0kgm3 and =27.0kgm3 (Fig. Information and translations of north equatorial current in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. See more. Oceanogr. It extends from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean (or, depending on definition, to Antarctica) in the south, and is bounded by the continents of Asia and Oceania in the west and the Americas in the east. Soc. As such, the current tends to reverse hemispheres seasonally in that basin. While these gyres are being driven by the combination of the trade winds occurring in the tropics and by the westerly winds. At higher latitudes the wave travels more slowly. Google Scholar. The movement of the worlds major Currents 4) are also marked by a solid square and dashed lines, respectively. There is also a South Equatorial Countercurrent (SECC) that transports water from west to east in the Pacific and Atlantic basins between 2S and 5S in the western basin and farther south toward the east. Google Scholar. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JC011510 (2016). Climate change: Atlantic Ocean circulation is heading for a - CNN Units of the potential temperature, salinity, and potential density are degree Celsius, psu, and kg m3, respectively. The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), which includes the Gulf Stream, governs the climate by bringing warm, tropical waters north and cold water south. The mean westward current does not extend to the intermediate layer below 800m (Figs. Of the three major oceans, the Pacific is by far the largest, occupying about one-third of the surface of the globe. The latter feeds the South Pacific Current and West Wind Drift, which move eastward to the Peru Current. WebGulf stream, North Atlantic Current, Canary Current, and North Equatorial Current. Introduction. Gulf Stream current could collapse in 2025, plunging Earth into [14], The Pacific NECC is known to be stronger during classic El Nio events, when there is an anomalous warming of the eastern and central Pacific that peaks in the boreal winter. drafted the manuscript. Variability of the NESC volume transport is investigated by integrating the zonal geostrophic currents between 200 and 600m in the latitudinal range of1.5 along the axis of the mean NESC (Methods) (Fig. Structure and dynamics of the Pacific North Equatorial Subsurface Current, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-68605-y. This current tends to reverse in the hemispheres seasonally in this basin. The North Pacific Subtropical Gyre is formed by four currents rotating clockwise around an area of 20 million square kilometers (7.7 million square miles): the California current, the North Equatorial current, the Kuroshio current, and the North Pacific current.The area in the center of a gyre tends to be very calm and stable. The figure is generented by MATLAB software version R2019b (https://www.mathworks.com/). Equatorial current | Oceanography, Climate & Effects Brazil Current (c) Comparison of the interannual geostrophic volume transport and the associated heat transport averaged between 135 E and 145 E, with the Nio 3.4 index. Is the Guinea Current a western boundary current? north 2. North Equatorial Current synonyms, North Equatorial Current pronunciation, North Equatorial Current translation, English dictionary definition of North Equatorial Current. The seasonal variability of the NESC in the western and central Pacific is also reproduced well by the LCSM, the dynamics of which are due to westward and downward propagation of baroclinic Rossby waves from the central and eastern Pacific9, the study of which will be reported in another paper. They are located near the equator and are sandwiched between two westward-flowing currents, the North Equatorial Current and the South Equatorial Current. The westward propagation of the seasonal variability of the NESC volume transport (Fig. current The fact that the salinity of the NESC is larger than those of the NPIW suggests that the NESC waters are a mixture of the northern and southern hemisphere waters. Chu, P. C. P-vector method for determining absolute velocity from hydrographic data. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. The westward current has been persistent during most of the mooring deployment and is only interrupted in boreal winter, which is consistent with the annual cycle of the Argo geostrophic subsurface zonal currents in the western Pacific (Fig. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. He obtained funding to support the cruises and research, designed and implemented the cruise experiments, and oversaw the data analyses. Web(in Russian, North Equatorial Currents), a current of the surface waters of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans between 310 and 30 N. lat. The water masses of the NESC appear to be the mixture of the North and South Pacific waters according to the TS relation of Argo profiles (Fig. The volume transport variability of the NESC is estimated by integrating the zonal geostrophic currents between 200 and 600m in the latitudinal range of1.5 from the axis of the mean NESC. Cold. X.L. Web1. This current is originated because of the Californian current and north-east monsoon. The total NECC is found by simply integrating M over the relevant latitudes. False. Near 22 S, the Brazil current splits; one component flows eastward and the other component hugs the coast and flows toward the southwest and interacts with the colder Malvinas Current. Y.Y. Soc. California 47, 23052323. Oceanogr. [13] 29.2) and reaches the Philippines The North Equatorial Current moves east across the Atlantic Ocean in the Northern Hemisphere. In the equatorial Pacific Ocean, high salinity waters are transported across the equator by the NGCC/UC in the western Pacific and are carried to the east by the NSCC in the sub-thermocline, forming a salinity front between northern and southern Pacific water masses11,12. Oceans 121, 37303740. https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO-D-17-0043.1 (2017). This flows east-to-west which is between the equator and which is about 20 degrees south. Jul 26, 2023, 12:07 AM EDT. The successful simulations of the undercurrents by the LCSM, including the NESC, suggest that the undercurrents are generated by low baroclinic mode responses of the ocean circulation to the wind and wind curl forcing (Fig. The mean subsurface westward current is stronger and closer to the equator (5 N7 N) in the west than in the east (6 N8 N) (Fig. 1. an equatorial current that flows west across the Pacific just north of the equator Familiarity information: NORTH EQUATORIAL CURRENT used as a noun is very rare. The NESC flows westward just north of the NSCC. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Structure and dynamics of the Pacific North Equatorial Subsurface Current. Therefore, the dynamics of the off-equatorial undercurrents are the responses of the low order baroclinic modes to the wind curl forcing, which drives the NEC and NECC at the surface.
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