[344] Lithuania is one of the world's leaders in producing laser technologies and has over 50% of the world's market share in ultrashort pulses lasers, which are produced by the Vilnius-based companies. [279][280][281][282][283] However, the broader territory of nipiks, stretching to the north of what is now Konstitucijos Avenue, remained mainly underdeveloped until the early 2000s when the new Vilnius city municipality building was built in the area, that inspired transformation of the surroundings: the new Europa square formed with a new shopping center "Europa", 33-story "Europa" business tower and 27-story "Europa" apartment building. [456] The river rises in Belarus, connecting Vilnius and Kernav, and becomes a tributary of Nemunas river in Kaunas. [164], The Lithuanian Film Centre (Lithuanian: Lietuvos kino centras), whose main task is to promote the development and competitiveness of the Lithuanian film industry, has its headquarters in Vilnius. [201] In 1552, Grand Duke Sigismund II Augustus ordered that orders of the Magistrate of Vilnius be announced in Lithuanian, Polish, and Ruthenian languages. [30], During the inaugurations of Lithuanian monarchs until 1569, Gediminas' Cap was placed on the monarch's head by the Bishop of Vilnius in Vilnius Cathedral. In 1963, Vytautas Straiys and his coworkers created Vilnius photometric system that is used in astronomy. [320] Prime Minister Antanas Merkys once said that it was intended "to make everybody think like Lithuanians. [71], On 20 February 1922, after the highly contested election in Central Lithuania, the entire area was annexed by Poland, with the city becoming the capital of the Wilno Voivodeship (Wilno being the name of Vilnius in Polish). In 1995, the world's first bronze cast of Frank Zappa[134] was installed in the Naujamiestis district with the permission of the government. The Supreme Court of Lithuania (Lithuanian: Lietuvos Aukiausiasis Teismas), the highest court in the judicial order, which reviews criminal and civil cases, is located in the Gynj Street,[246] while the Supreme Administrative Court of Lithuania (Lithuanian: Lietuvos vyriausiasis administracinis teismas), which acts as the highest court in the administrative order, judging litigation against public bodies, is located in the ygimant Street. In the 14th and 15th centuries, crafts were already highly specialized (especially in the production of tools, household items, fabrics, clothing, weapons, and jewelry) and at the same time workshops were established, which trained and defended the interests of craftsmen. It is characterized by detailed realistic style. [474], In 1805, the Vilnius Medical Society was established on the initiative of Joseph Frank (son of Johann Peter Frank), which was the first society of this type in eastern Europe and to this day unites medicine doctors and professors in Vilnius. [153], The first consideration of the First Statute of Lithuania took place in 1522 at the Seimas of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in Vilnius. for wearing sheepskins, for not wearing luxurious belts, gloves, or for not using handkerchiefs). The icon was restored and returned to the Dominicans in 2012. Smoking pipe factory, sawmills and even a tiny candy factory emerged. In 20142016 these regions grew on average by 4.6% (Vilnius) and 3.3% (Kaunas), while the other regions, which have a higher share of rural areas, stagnated or were in recession. Chromebook Insurance Form, Budget and Salary/Compensation Transparency Reporting, First Day of School - 1/2 Day for Students - Teacher Work Time, MSE Football Game vs. Davis Jr. High (Home), John R. Armstrong Performing Arts Center - JAPAC, Harry L. Wheeler Community Center & Administrative Offices. Kelions Ventspil organizuojamos liepos 6-9 dienomis, ir rugpjio 12-15 dienomis , kelions kaina 35 . Also during this period, secular painting spread representational, imaginative, epitaph portraits, scenes of battles, politically important events. [229] Starting with the elections in 2015, the mayors are elected directly in a two-round system by voters registered in the municipality. On 11 March 1990, the Supreme Council of the Lithuanian SSR announced its secession from the Soviet Union and intention to restore an independent Republic of Lithuania. academic progress given where they were last year, compared to similar students in the state. [338] After the Third Partition of the Commonwealth, the observatory published the first exact sciences journal in the Russian Empire called the Journal of Mathematical Sciences (Russian: ). [152], Many famous writers were born, lived in Vilnius or are alumnus of the Vilnius University (e.g. It is considered an important step towards the Act of Independence of Lithuania, adopted on 16 February 1918 by the Council of Lithuania, as the Seimas laid the groundwork for the establishment of an independent Lithuanian state. ", "Kurie Lietuvos valdovai mokjo protvi kalb, kurie ne? Csar Cui, Felix Yaniewicz, Maximilian Steinberg, Vytautas Mikinis, Onut Narbutait), conductors (e.g. The war had irreversibly altered the city between 1939 and 1949, Vilnius lost almost 90% of its population, through murder, deportation or exile, many buildings were destroyed. In 197071, the Ganelin/Tarasov/Chekasin trio would found Vilnius Jazz School. The monthly e-ticket cards could be bought once and credited with an appropriate amount of money in various ways including the Internet. Ukrainians, Lipka Tatars, Jews). [205] The wealthy townspeople were not satisfied with such limitations, therefore a subscription fee was introduced later which removed all limitations. [310] After living for a while in Vilnius, foreign merchants and artisans quickly assimilated and were Polonized. [29], Major growth of Vilnius as the centre and capital of the medieval state is attributed to the 14th century reign of Grand Duke Gediminas who invited knights, merchants, doctors, craftspeople and others to come to the Grand Duchy to practice their trades and faith without restriction. [144] The Contemporary Art Centre is the largest venue for contemporary art in the Baltic States, with an exhibition space of 2400 square meters. [73], Subsequently, the Polish administration in the Vilnius Region carried out Lithuanian ethnocide. Vilnius Historic Centre is particularly noted for maintaining the medieval streets pattern without any significant gaps. [313] After a few hundred years, the number of locals in Vilnius was smaller than the number of newcomers. One of the most famous photographers was K. Neupert, who came from Norway (since 1851 he worked in Vilnius and Druskininkai). After the ban on the Lithuanian language was lifted, the plays were also performed in Lithuanian. During the Holocaust, about 95% of the 265,000-strong Jewish population of Lithuania was murdered by the German units and Lithuanian Nazi collaborators, many of them in Paneriai, about 10km (6.2mi) west of the old town centre (see the Ponary massacre). In case of death, another member of the council was being chosen of the same religion. [151], One of the creators of Lithuanian writing, Mikalojus Dauka, translated and published the Catechism by Spanish Jesuit theologist Jacobo Ledesma in 1595 this was the first printed Lithuanian language book in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. [135], Vilnius has many museums of different kinds. During this campaign he bought captured Lithuanian women and children and took them back to Knigsberg for their conversion to Christianity. FK algiris is the main football team. 9.XII.1931 r. Miasto Wilno", "Rodikli duomen baz - Oficialiosios statistikos portalas", "Knyga, kuri iliks: Gedimino Vaitkeviiaus Vilniaus krimas", "Darbo umokestis regionuose, apskrityse ir savivaldybse 2022 Q4", "Biur pastatui Konstitucijos prospekte suteiktas aukiausias Baltijos alyse tvarumo vertinimas", "Vilniaus universiteto Astronomijos observatorija", "Lietuviai pagamino vien galingiausi lazeri pasaulyje", "Lithuanian R&D company signs major deal with US market leader", "I Vilniaus universiteto istorijos, 19551990", "Million-dollar Kavli prize recognizes scientist scooped on CRISPR", "Kaip informacins technologijos keiia Lietuv", "Didiausi atlyginimai Lietuvoje: pirmoje vietoje nesuvokiama suma", "Tech Start-up FDI Attraction Index 2019", "Vilniuje internetas greiiausias pasaulyje", "Monthly comparisons of internet speeds from around the world", "Vilniaus oro uosto internetas vienas greiiausi Europoje", "Veikl pradeda Nacionalinis kibernetinio saugumo centras", "Lietuvos mokyklose pirmoji nuo pradini klasi programuoti mokani vaik karta", "Lithuania sees flood of fintech firms apply for licences ahead of Brexit", "Google grups monei Lietuvoje suteikta elektronini pinig staigos licencija", "Europe's First International Blockchain Centre Launches in Vilnius", "Vision Mission and Strategic Goal, Values", "Lietuvos bankas: kaistanti NT rinka ir priklausomyb nuo iaurs ali bank kelia rizik", "Breaking News for Lithuania: VU Among the Top 500 Universities in the World", "Paskelbti geriausi alies mokykl ir universitet reitingai", "Find the best International School in Vilnius, Lithuania", "Scholarly Communication and Information Centre (SCIC)", "Unikalios architektros, moderni Vilniaus universiteto biblioteka atveria duris", "Gyventojai pagal religin bendruomen, kuriai jie save priskyr, savivaldybse", "Remains of Nazi-Destroyed Synagogue Found Using Radar", "Remains of Synagogue Destroyed by Nazis Found With Radar", "K perskaitysime v. schools approach to at-risk students affects your child. [452] It's also the venue for the Vilnius Open and Vitas Gerulaitis Cup tennis tournaments, part of the ATP Challenger Tour. [318], Ethnic Lithuanian numbers in the city of Vilnius reached record lows in 1931 (1600 residents 0.8%, while Poles accounted for 65.9% 128,600 residents) following the 1922 annexation of Vilnius Region by Poland and the Lithuanians retreat from the region to the temporary capital of Kaunas. Lithuanian Jews, Lipka Tatars, Crimean Karaites) were under the guardianship of the Grand Duke of Lithuania, but their languages were only used among themselves and never gained a significant role. [98], Vilnius was a centre of Lithuanian dissidents and in 1978 the Lithuanian Liberty League was established.[45]. During its rapid development, the city was open to migrants from the territories of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland, Grand Duchy and further. A number of Protestant and other Christian groups[412] are represented in Vilnius, most notably the Lutheran Evangelicals and the Baptists. [215], Although it is not a national holiday, the Vilnia River is dyed green every year for Saint Patrick's Day. [255] It is one of the oldest emergency medical services institution in eastern Europe and was established already in 1902. [91] The town was once more the Lithuanian SSR's capital. The Self-Defence of Lithuania, which was affiliated with the Second Polish Republic, briefly controlled the city and unsuccessfully tried protecting it against the invading Soviet forces. [457] The airport is situated only 5km (3.1mi) away from the centre of the city, and has a direct rail link to Vilnius railway station. Vilnius district borders with the Republic of Belarus and neighbours with venionys, Moletai, irvintos, Elektrnai, Trakai and alininkai districts. The performances incorporated the principles of socialist realism and a number of revolutionary plays were staged by the Russian authors. [30] The two Gediminids cousins later settled their differences; after a series of treaties culminating in the 1569 Union of Lublin, the PolishLithuanian Commonwealth was formed. The local sculptors took over only the iconographic scheme of the Renaissance tomb; their works (e.g. Vilnius development was influenced by the West and East ideologies. [236] Its mayor is Robert Duchnevi from the Lithuanian Social Democratic Union. Many languages were spoken: Polish, German, Yiddish, Ruthenian, Lithuanian, Russian, Old Church Slavonic, Latin, Hebrew, and Turkic languages; the city was compared to Babylon. [251] Public Security Service is responsible for the prompt restoration of public order in extreme and special situations and ensure proper protection of important state objects and escorted subjects. A feast of the Adoration of the Blessed Sacrament is held in the shrine 24 hours per day. [426] The Calvary includes 20 brick chapels, seven wooden and one brick gate, and one bridge with a wooden chapel. The majority of its historical buildings during the last 25 years had been renovated, and a business and commercial area is being developed into the New City Centre, that is expected to become the city's main administrative and business district on the north side of the Neris river. Vilnius also has several football teams. [476][477], In 19181941, the Lithuanian Sanitary Aid Society operated in Vilnius. [425] The consecration ceremony of the new Stations of the Cross took place at Pentecost on 9 June 1669. [citation needed], In the 14th century, Lithuania was frequently invaded by the Teutonic Order. In colloquial form, these dialects formed the basis of the Ukrainian and Belarusian languages in the 19th century. He fell soundly asleep and dreamed of a huge Iron Wolf standing at the top of a hill and howling as strongly and loudly as a hundred wolves. [310] According to the Russian Empire Census of 1897, only 2.1% (3200 residents) identified themselves as Lithuanian-speakers, while the speakers of Polish language (30.8%; 47,600 residents) and Yiddish (40.0%; 61,800 residents) were the largest linguistic groups of the city. A famous Russian Orthodox Monastery of the Holy Spirit, is near the [Gate of Dawn. L'Anse Creuse High School 38495 L'Anse Creuse Road Harrison Township, MI 48045-3483 Phone: (586) 783 - 6400. A. Korzonas was deported to Siberia). Therefore, all the official procedures in Vilnius are proceeded in Lithuanian. The German Army withdrew together with the Lithuanian government. [485], Vilnius TV Tower is located in Karoliniks microdistrict and transmits television signals to the whole of Vilnius. Welcome to MS-C's Facebook page! [188], In 1952, the editorial office of vyturys magazine organized the first photography exhibition in Vilnius, the main object of which was photography itself (16 photographers participated). [438] According to the same survey, 40% of tourists specified that they decided to visit Vilnius in order to learn about the history and heritage of the city; however, 23% of tourists also planned trips to other areas of Lithuania (e.g. Vilnius yra sikrs pietrytinje Lietuvos dalyje ir yra antras Baltijos ali didiausias miestas. [193], At the royal court in Vilnius of Sigismund II Augustus, the last Grand Duke of Lithuania prior to the Union of Lublin, both Polish and Lithuanian were spoken equally widely. Unemployment rates remained persistently high in the least developed regions (14.9% in Utena County as compared to 4.8% in Vilnius County). 68 were here. [99] As a result of these declarations, on 9 January 1991, the Soviet Union sent in troops. [191] No less important was the Vilnius Mint, which was the main mint of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and minted the Lithuanian denarius, shillings, groschens, thalers, ducats, and other coins from 1387 to 1666. [53] Vilnius had a vibrant Jewish population: according to the Russian census of 1897, out of the total population of 154,500, Jews constituted 64,000 (approximately 40%). [470], Since 2017 a 30-minute ticket costs 0.65 euro, a 60-minute ticket costs 0.90 euro and a single ticket bought on board costs 1.00 euro. [310] However, according to an analysis of the tax registers of 1572, Lithuania proper had 850,000 residents of which 680,000 were Lithuanians. In 1525, he printed the Acts and Epistles of the Apostles (the Apostle). In 1862, the Provisional Censorship Regulations were adopted, which determined the activities of photographic institutions; they were supervised by the Central Press Board of the Ministry of the Interior. L'Anse Creuse Middle School - Central - Facebook [350], Santara Valley (Lithuanian: Santaros slnis) is a second science and research valley in Vilnius, which focuses on the medicine, biopharmaceutical and bioinformatics areas. [249], The security of Vilnius is mainly the responsibility of the Vilniaus apskrities vyriausiasis policijos komisariatas, the highest police office in the city, and local police offices. This culminated in the 13 January attack on the State Radio and Television Building and the Vilnius TV Tower, killing at least fourteen civilians and seriously injuring 700 more. [389] In 2018, the city had 120 schools (not including preschools) with 61,123 pupils and 4,955 educators. [479] Vilnians have to pay the compulsory health insurance (6.98% of the salary), which is governed by the Vilnius Territorial Health Insurance Fund and guarantees free health care to every insured person, however some residents are exempt from this tax (e.g. Gediminas expanded the Grand Duchy through warfare along with strategic alliances and marriages. ", "Laurynas Guceviius: kaip formavosi ymiausio architekto vardas", "Flats in Vilnius Senamiestis and Uupis", "Houses in Vilnius Valakampiai and Turniks", "ilti namai ne visur: kodl kai kurios savivaldybs neskuba atnaujinti daugiabui? However, interpreter assistance is guaranteed by the state in some cases. Wall paintings from the 16th century, such as the paintings in the Church of St. Francis and St. Bernard vaults or in the Church of Saint Nicholas, were found in Vilnius. [451] Construction of the multi-functional Lithuania National Stadium has been ongoing in ekin since 1987. In 1926, 502,261 tickets were sold and 24,242 tickets were given free to boarding children, and 778 tickets were given to tourists and 8,385 to soldiers. The painters had internships abroad, mainly in Italy. L'Anse Creuse Middle School - East 30300 Hickey Road Chesterfield, MI 48051 P: (586) 493-5200. The written form of the Ruthenian language stemmed from the interaction of Old East Slavic with the local elements of the Ruthenian language. Phone: (586) 783-6570, Pellerin Center & Riverside Academy His small army consisted of over 100 men, including longbow archers and six minstrels, at a total cost to the Lancastrian purse of 4,360. In 1323 the town became capital of Lithuania under Grand Duke Gediminas; it was destroyed in 1377 by the Teutonic Knights.Subsequently rebuilt, Vilnius received its charter of self-government in 1387, and a Roman Catholic bishopric was established there. Select Previous Month Select Next Month. [156], Over 200 tiles and commemorative plaques to writers, who have lived and worked in Vilnius, and foreign authors, who have shared a connection with Vilnius and Lithuania, adorn walls on Literat Street (Lithuanian: Literat gatv) in the Old Town, presenting a broad overview of the history of Lithuanian literature. The building complex Vilnius Business Harbour was built in 2008, and one of its towers is now the 6th tallest building in Lithuania. Additionally, Eastern Rite Catholicism has maintained a presence in Vilnius since the Union of Brest. Many accomplished singers have lectured at the academy, including the internationally famous tenors Kipras Petrauskas and Virgilijus Noreika. [59], At the end of 1918 Soviet Russia invaded Lithuania with massive forces, and the Lithuanian Army withdrew from Vilnius to the center of the country in order to form a defense line. [30], Vilnius again grew in population by being the capital of the Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic (according to the 1989 census, it had 576,747 residents). Matteo Castelli, Pietro Perti) from the present-day Canton of Ticino were particularly preferred by the Grand Duke of Lithuania and local nobility, and developed many famous objects in the city (e.g. [386] Specialized higher schools with university status include the General Jonas emaitis Military Academy of Lithuania, the Lithuanian Academy of Music and Theatre and the Vilnius Academy of Arts. Most of the population (95%) live in villages and 5% live in towns. [206], Wealthy townspeople, decorated with luxurious clothing, raised the envy of the Lithuanian nobility and the nobles demanded the adoption of laws limiting the clothing of the townspeople. In May 1576, it published its first book Pro Sacratissima Eucharistia contra haeresim Zwinglianam by Piotr Skarga. [463] In 2018 the Seimas of the Republic of Lithuania approved a new metro project with the president's agreement. India, Africa) and introduced different cultures to Vilnians. On 19 September 1939, Vilnius was seized by the Soviet Union (which invaded Poland on 17 September). ", "Vilniuje pagerbiant uvusius Sausio 13-j udegti atminimo lauai", "vento Patriko dien Vilnel vl nusidays aliai", "Vilniaus istorija: kas vadovavo miestui? [342] FTMC is the founder and sole shareholder of the Science and Technology Park of Institute of Physics in Savanori Avenue, which provides assistance to companies operating in research and development field. History of Vilnius - Wikipedia [256] Large part of this institution doctors and other personnel were awarded with medals for their assistance to victims during the January Events in 1991. 1 dalis Vilniaus paminklai", 1988, 383. Juozas Jurginis; Vytautas Merkys; Adolfas Tautaviius (1968). [211][212] While in the evening of 12 January bonfires are ignited to mark the bloody January Events. Vilnius was also home to lutenist virtuoso Blint Bakfark. [128] After the closure of Vilnius University in 1832, the artistic direction formed by the representatives of the Vilnius Art School influenced the further development of Lithuanian art. There are also a few private universities such as ISM University of Management and Economics, European Humanities University, and Kazimieras Simonaviius University. Such a Ruthenian language became the main language of the Chancery of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the 14th and 15th centuries and maintained its dominant position until the middle of the 17th century. The Soviets repressed the local population and devastated the city, moving assets and factories to the USSR territory, including the major Polish radio factory Elektrit, along with a part of its labor force, to Minsk in Belarus SSR. [161], The first stationary movie theater in Vilnius, named Iliuzija (English: Illusion), was opened in 1905 and was located in Didioji Street 60. [16][17][18][19] Architectural style Vilnian Baroque is named after the city, which is the largest Baroque city north of the Alps, and the farthest one to the east.[20][21]. [351] Vilnius University Faculty of Medicine Science Centre, costing 37.1million, will be completed in the valley in 2021. Elijah ben Solomon Zalman, (Hebrew: ' Rabbi Eliyahu ben Shlomo Zalman) known as the Vilna Gaon (Yiddish: Der Vilner Gaon, Polish: Gaon z Wilna, Lithuanian: Vilniaus Gaonas) or Elijah of Vilna, or by his Hebrew acronym Gra ("Gaon Rabbenu Eliyahu": "Our great teacher Elijah"; Sialiec, April 23, 1720 - Vilnius October 9, 1797 . [361] In 2019, the fDi Intelligence (an investment experts subdivision of the Financial Times) ranked Vilnius as number one city in the Tech Start-up FDI Attraction Index. A settlement existed on the site in the 10th century, and the first documentary reference to it dates from 1128. [205] Delias and dolmans were also popular among the townspeople and nobles. Marija Drmait, "Baltic modernism Architecture and housing in soviet Lithuania", pp. The project is controversial. L'anse Creuse Middle School - East located in CHESTERFIELD, Michigan - MI. Pritraukti miest investicijas, kurianias gerai apmokamas darbo vietas. [268][271] Part of the vrynas neighbourhood also offers luxurious private houses with plots close to the Vingis Park, but it also has the Soviet-era apartment buildings, poor condition wooden houses, higher number of residents (~12,200[270]). Rudens penktadien Small Planet Airlines keleiviai, jiems patiems visai nesitikint, buvo pasitikti ypatingai. Several countries claim that the geographical centre of Europe is located in their territories. Vilnius Justinas Vienoinskis Art School is another prominent art school in Vilnius. [286] Despite that, according to a research one fourth of the 2635 years old inhabitants are still living in their parents or relatives owned homes, which is the highest number in the Baltic states, however it is likely that large part of these young people are simply saving for their own homes or the initial contribution because statistics traditionally shows that Lithuanians purchases their homes with less borrowed funds than Latvians or Estonians. G. P. Perti, G. M. Galli, A. S. Capone) were exceptionally important in the 17th century Grand Duchy's sculptures development and were invited there by the Lithuanian nobility. The largest and oldest is Vilnius University with 24,716 students. [112] On 29 November 2013, Georgia and Moldova signed association and free trade agreements with the European Union. [110] In 2015 Remigijus imaius became the first directly elected mayor of the city.[111]. [371] On 23 January 2019, the Europe's first international Blockchain Centre was opened in Vilnius. [190], As a historically multicultural city, the language status changed significantly over the centuries. [332] Most foreign direct investment and productive public investment in Lithuania is concentrated around the two main economic development poles of Vilnius and Kaunas. [409] Lewkenor mentions that citizens of Vilnius included Catholics, Orthodox, followers of John Calvin and Martin Luther, Jews and Tartar Muslims. Former Museum of Revolution was reconstructed into the National Art Gallery in the late 2000s. Vingis Park, the city's largest, hosted several major rallies during Lithuania's drive towards independence in the 1980s. On 2829 November 2013, Vilnius hosted the Eastern Partnership Summit in the Palace of the Grand Dukes of Lithuania. Vilnius | History, Map, & Points of Interest | Britannica [367] Since 2017, computer programming is taught in the primary schools. Mirga Grainyt-Tyla), musicians (e.g.