(2015) The productivity of working hours. However, the rising number of karoshi cases has fuelled a demand for reforming labour laws, improving working conditions and of course reducing the work hours across the Japanese workforce. By 1940 the typical work schedule was 8 hours a day, 5 days a week. Socio-economic, historical and cultural factors play an important role in determining the average working hours by country. We show annual totals, so the trends account for changes in both the length of working days as well as the number of days worked through the year. Data is not available for all countries of the world.[1]. As we explain in detail below, the research on the history of working hours shows that this is not the case. They found for example that in 1870, Colombia, Uruguay and Brazil had similar average working hours per worker as the US. In 1926, Henry Ford popularized the 40-hour work week for Ford assembly plants. 24 July 2023 . The times they are not changin: Days and hours of work in Old and New Worlds, 18702000. In Europe, on the other hand, all countries have maximum weekly hours, and only Belgium and Turkey have legal working hours of more than 48 hours. Those with the longest working weeks were Greece (40.1 hours), Romania (39.8 hours), Poland (39.7 hours) and Bulgaria (39.5 hours). Working less means being able to spend time becoming more educated, or simply enjoying more leisure time. Myanmar is in the process of evolving from an agricultural economy to one centered around industry and service. In Germany, for example, the average weekly working time of a person not employed in agriculture and working full-time fell by almost 40 percent between 1870 and 2010. Malaysia may soon become a high-income country. Original music by . 19-11. [2] As of 2022, Colombia, Mexico, and Costa Rica ranked the highest number of hours worked per year. World Economic Forum articles may be republished in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License, and in accordance with our Terms of Use. Annual working hours per worker, various sources, Annual working hours vs. labor productivity, Average daily hours of work in summer, by industry, Average daily hours of work in winter, by industry, Average daily hours of work, by occupation, United States, Average daily hours worked, by industry, United States, Average effective age of retirement for women, Average hours of work per week, by industry, Days off from work for vacations and holidays, Hours spent in market and non-market work per week, by sex, United States, Time spent on activities in an average day, Time spent on activities in an average day, females, Time spent on activities in an average day, males, Time spent on activities on an average day, by sex, Sweden, Weekly hours dedicated to home production in US, by gender, Weekly hours worked by age group, United States, Weekly working hours vs. hourly wage, by wage decile. Visit Business Insider's homepage for more stories. To get the most comprehensive perspective on working hours possible, many countries aggregate data from these surveys with data from other sources such as censuses, tax records, and social security registers in an economic measurement framework called national accounts. The average of 1,713 hours worked per year in Japan is not among the highest in the OECD list, but beyond the number, there is the grim reality that the country has no legislation at all stipulating a maximum weekly hours limit and neither overtime limit. You Might Also Want To Read: 200 + Countries And Only 14 Ways To Charge yourPhone Globally. study by Michael Huberman and Frank Lewis. Chances are, users will find they work fewer hours than the average worker in Korea, who works an average of 2,190 hours per year -- that comes out to around 44 hours per week with 14 days leave or 42 hours per week with 0 days leave. Average annual hours worked per worker:1,698. [1], In most countries, the weekly working hours are decreasing with increasing prosperity and higher productivity. You then redeem your points as discounts for future transactions. You can read more about this here. The chart here shows average working hours since 1870 for a selection of countries that industrialized early. We looked at the OECD's Better Life Index to find out why workweeks were so long in some places, but not in others. Its also clear that these differences between sources are quite small when compared to the huge changes over the longer run. On a macro level, the relationship between employment and economic growth may be a highly-debated issue among economists and policy-makers but it is also true that the former affects the latter in complex, multi-dimensional ways that just cannot be ignored. In 2017, the Southeast Asian state of Cambodia had the longest average working hours worldwide among 66 countries studied. The data comes from research by the economic historians Michael Huberman and Chris Minns, who have brought together evidence from historical records, National Accounts data, and other sources.1. Let's prove them right, A healthy workforce is good for business. We explore how it differs across countries and over time and how these differences matter for peoples lives. Before we discussed this, lets understand the definition. The data is shown one country at a time with France currently selected. Scotland. According to ILO's most recent figures, Asia is a continent where more people work the longest hours: most of the countries (32%) have no universal national limit for maximum weekly working hours and another 29% have high thresholds (60 weekly hours or more). Average annual hours worked per worker:1,722. Which country has the longest working hours? Labor force surveys collect data on employment status and time spent working by asking individual workers themselves. South Korea is reducing its maximum working week from 68 hours to 52 hours in a bid to boost the countrys productivity and the number of children being born. Fast facts! S'poreans, you all are officially working too hard at 45 hours a week As Costa notes, workers had regular days off each week: one day off (usually Sunday) from at least the 1880s until around the 1940s, when two days off became more typical. There is a link between national income and average working hours, not only across countries at a given point in time as shown in the chart above but also for individual countries over time. Average Work Hours Per Week For Every Country - Buildremote A recent infographic from Bamboo HR taken from statistics by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has shown that the country enjoys the world's shortest working. In 2019, the longest working hours are reported in Romania (40.5 hours per week) and Bulgaria (40.4 hours per week). South Korea has currently longer working hours than any other developed country: an average 2,069 hours per year, per worker, according to 2016 data compiled by the OECD. 1229). Another important study is the one of Bick, Brggemann, and Fuchs-Schndeln (2019),27 who further standardized labor force surveys to enhance comparability for a selection of countries. According to the OECD 2020 Better Life Report, workers in Italy enjoy the best work-life balance in the world. Dateline Philippines | ANC (20 July 2023) - Facebook Ranking: Countries That Have Longer Workweeks Than the US These 15 Countries Have a Longer Average Work Week Than U.S. - Fortune The number of hours a day a person devotes to their work differs from one country to another. Ever since then, the 40-hour, five-day work week has persisted as the standard full-time week for employees. One of the countries without a limit is the United States. Economic prosperity in different places across our world today is vastly unequal. GENEVA (ILO News) - US workers put in the longest hours on the job in industrialized nations, clocking up nearly 2,000 hours per capita in 1997, the equivalent of almost two working weeks more than their counterparts in Japan where annual hours worked have been gradually declining since 1980, according to a new statistical study of global labour trends published by the International Labour . Average annual hours worked per worker:N/A. The difference between sources in 2000 is at most 200 hours, while the historical data from Huberman and Minns shows that from 1870 to 2000 annual working hours in France decreased by 1,725 hours (from 3,168 to 1,443 hours). Japan has a problem with "death by overwork", expressed not only by statistics but also the fact that the Japanese language has a word for this: karoshi. Top 15 Countries where People Work the Most Hours - 1870/2017 - how The Countries Where People Work the Longest Hours Low transfer fees enable you to send money to multiple destinations without burning a hole in your pocket. These both draw on national accounts estimates when available, but they can differ in the other sources they use and their method of aggregation.28. It means that residents of todays poorer countries like Cambodia and Myanmar and also of todays richer countries in the past when they were poor are not just consumption poor, often unable to afford necessities like food and medicine. The Netherlands is a stark example workers there saw an increase from four days off for vacations and holidays in 1870 to almost 38 days off in 2000. A person employed for night work may not work for more than 60 hours a week. Estonia - Average annual hours worked per worker: 1,889. Huberman, M. and Minns, C. (2007) The times they are not changin: Days and hours of work in Old and New Worlds, 18702000. The Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is a group of 38 mostly European countries with a high quality of life that collectively comprised more than 60% of the global Gross Domestic Product in 2021. The average US workweek may be 38.6 hours long, but quite a few countries have employees who spend even more time at the office. It's not France but Greece that tops the list, though, with Greeks working a 42-hour week, according to 2013 OECD data. In 2020, the developed nation with the longest working hours was South Korea. In 1870, workers in most of these countries worked more than 3,000 hours annually equivalent to a grueling 6070 hours each week for 50 weeks per year. People in Switzerland, one of the richest countries in the world, have an average income that is more than 20-times higher than that of people in Cambodia.8 Life in these two countries can look starkly different.9. In the US, for example, farm production per labor hour increased nearly 16-fold from 19482011.13 This increased productivity enables us to feed a rapidly growing population, even while the fraction of people working in agriculture is smaller than ever.14. This is why youre wrong. Hours spent in market and non-market work per week, by sex, United States. However, there are exceptions. According to the Ministry of Manpower statistics, Singaporeans have been clocking 45-hour or more working hours per week average for the longest time. Surveys are the primary way to collect data on working hours. For instance, people in Qatar have an average income that is 117-times higher than that of people in the Central African Republic. In the US, 11% of workers work over 50 hours a week, in line with the OECD's average of 11%. However, World Bank points out that Cambodia's 80% rate of employment is higher than the average for East Asian countries (63%). Many countries such as India also do not have a legally-guaranteed minimum amount of annual leave, a factor that affects the average annual hours worked by people in the workforce. As the Economic History Association points out, determining the average hours worked per workweek in a given country compared to another can be a challenging task due to differing philosophies on what activities qualify as work and who is considered a worker. The average worker in Slovakia makes about 912 euro a month ($1,022). But for any given country, the changes across time are much larger than the error margins at any point in time: The average worker in a rich country today really does work many fewer hours than the average worker 150 years ago. All in all, 29 percent of Mexicans work more than 50 hours every week with . Which country has only 3 working days? This new law will come into force in July 2018, although initially it will only apply to large companies before reaching smaller businesses. Europe Working Hours - image of a hand. Original music by . Since the latter type of unpaid work is typically performed by women, this has large implications for understanding gender differences in labor. The Scandinavian Journal of Economics. The evidence presented here comes from decades of work from economic historians and other researchers. Lithuania follows the same five-day, eight-hour workweek as the US, and workers usually come in between 8 and 8:30 am. The transition of employment out of agriculture to other economic sectors as countries become richer is known as structural transformation. Netherlands has quite low unemployment and is seeking workers in many of the same fields, with an arguably greater emphasis on civil engineers and ICT professionals. A 2022 World Employment Social Outlook study by the International Labour Organization (ILO) showed that lower and middle-income countries tend to work longer hours than their richer, more developed counterparts. Where does the data come from, and how can researchers reconstruct long-run trends? Annual working hours vs. labor productivity - Our World in Data Working hours in the Netherlands - IamExpat Here, the working time per worker was around 2,456 hours per year, which is just under 47 hours per week. The following list is the average annual hours worked by participants in the labor force of the OECD member states. Another OECD country among those with the shortest workweeks in the world is Denmark, which also ranks as one of the happiest countries in the world. Hours of work - annual statistics - Statistics Explained Another of the world's happiest countries, Netherlands has a profile quite similar to Germany's. Productivity: output per hour worked. The most lucrative jobs are in finance and insurance (1,747 euros a month), while some of the lowest-paying jobs are in restaurants (512 euros a month). General working hours are 52 per week, but normal working hours usually consist of 45 hours of work per week. Slovenians only work 1,603 hours a year on average, unlike Greek workers, who spend 1,956 hours working a year. READ MORE: The hunt begins: 6 in 10 S'poreans to look for a new job within the next year To understand these changes in societies and peoples lives over time, and the substantial differences we see in the world today, it is crucial to measure and study how much time people spend working. They drew from a collection of records published by the US Department of Labor in 1900, and found substantial variation, but very high working hours for many non-industrialized countries. Here we present the data on working hours. Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), one of the fastest-growing economies in the world, Mean weekly hours actually worked per employee by sex and occupation - International Labour Organization, Mean weekly hours actually worked per employed person by sex and occupation - International Labour Organization, Average annual hours worked by persons engaged - Penn World Table 10.0. Workers in the US are in the middle with 1,783 hours. Absolutely no hidden costs. It is the same chart as above, except now countries single data points have become lines, connecting observations over time from 1950 until today. That may feel like forever to some people, but it's nothing compared to some countries' workweeks. Japan, another developed country in the OECD, has for years been associated with a workaholic culture that spawned the term karoshi (death by overwork). The analysis covered 38 countries and showed that only Mexicans (2,225 hours/year) and Costa Ricans (2,212 hours/year) worked longer hours. According to a 2022 analysis of the most overworked cities, workers in several Asian cities were found working longer hours. The only way to understand the meaning of long versus short is to remember that these definitions are relative. Occasionally, workers clock in for an extra workday on Saturdays. Many countries have no universal national limit for maximum weekly working hours and some have thresholds as high as 60 weekly hours or more in most developed countries. (June 2021) The industrial revolution made it possible for a larger segment of the population to work year-round, because this labor was not tied to the season and artificial lighting made it possible to work longer each day. Bangkok also holds the dubious distinction of being the worlds stingiest city with regards to annual leave offered to its workers: 6 days/year, compared to the global average of 23 days. Only 1.3% of Latvians work over 50 hours a week, compared with the OECD average of 11%. We gain further confidence in these conclusions when they are echoed by research that focuses only on more standardized, comparable sources for a necessarily smaller set of countries, as in the work by Bick, Fuchs-Schndeln, and Lagakos (2018). OECD Reveals Countries With Longest Working Hours (SLIDESHOW) - HuffPost In 2021, the OECD annual average was 1,716 hours/worker. A Greek workweek in 1975 was 48 hours long, compared to today's norm of just under 40 hours a week.
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