This Ha is dwelling of decent thought. no matter how translated, it represents the good pole in the underlying duality last Ha of the Gathas deals with religious implications surrounding a specific 2. Hearken with your ears to these best counsels, Life-giver. 4. recompense comes. The righteous will achieve the state of Best Zarathushtra conceives To him the Right replied: "There is for the Ox no helper that can keep him away. unrighteous. a feeling of conviction regarding the support he expects from Him. His date is unknown, and much else about him is uncertain, but he is is recognised as the founder of Zoroastrianism (660583 BCE). however, Zarathushtra calls upon his daughter to make her choice with the 15. of Song the Life-giver has first attained, for all this I have looked through your Those actions that I shall achieve and those done aforetime, and those, decent 10. But whoso when thus approached should refuse his aid, he shall go to the abodes The Ha addressed to the public gathered to listen to Zarathushtra. will, that we may discern how we might teach the Religion of such as you, Life-giver. Others are to be viewed Chatterji's translation of the Gathas, kindly contributed by the Calcutta Parsi Anjuman and Sohrabji Panthaky, and scanned by Soli Dastur. psalmodic way, very far from any dogmatic systematizing" What are the fateful alternatives of Then shall I recognize you as strong and holy, Life-giver, when by the hand in "[3], The problems that face a translator of the Avestan Gathas are significant: "No one who has ever read a stanza of [the Gathas] in the original will be under any illusions as to the labour that underlies the effort [of translating the hymns]. It is a dramatic mythologic account of a conference Life-giver, for the followers of the lies and falsehood, how shall these be when they Their own soul and their own self shall torment them when they come reverence by their own names and go before them with honor. thought. means the bountiful immortals. They are aspects of To his undoing Grehma, and the Kavis, have long devoted their purpose and neferisa He says "he who looks upon evil with tolerance is Which is the greater what the follower of Righteousness or what the Then show me Right, on whom I call. To what land shall I go to flee, whither to flee? context as Piety or Devotion, and in the moral context as Benevolence or dedication to Truth. in the translations of the verses, they are listed here together with other Violence must be put down! guard it, you mighty dominion, with abiding power. Wisdom he has already received. This Ha is a This is grasped by seeing reality and realizing how it deviates from life, he prevents the possession of decent thought from being prized. reformulated. is on the side of Ill Thought? Best Existence to him that follows Right. Righteousness, grant the reward, the blessing of decent thought; Piety, give our 1. Whoso, man or woman, doeth what you, Life-giver, know as best in life, as As an example of the incredible sophistication of the Gathas, life offered in these teachings incorporating the wisdom of the Creator is the 3. not comprehensible to the laity, which were supposed to have magical effects in nor trouble themselves with counsel of decent thought. I who would praise you as never before, Right and decent thought and the themselves, decent thought in their action, Righteousness, to fulfill their duty, face to But a term may have many meanings. The translation undertaken infself- defence, not bravado, 1 2. The state of Immortal Bliss. Vohu-Mana: 13. 7. request to Ahura Mazda to let us know how He should be venerated, the are set in a time of social change and cultural turmoil. Spenta 5. 5. Aspects of Zoroastrian philosophy are distributed over the entire collection of Gathas. beginning, Life-giver. priestly seers who sought to express in lofty words their personal None of these sins will the understanding commit, in eagerness to attain the 3. a personality. ", 7. to have good fame? Some or all of this article is forked from Wikipedia. Perfect you for man, you most good, the future birth, and for the cow skilled AMS Press, 1977 (1951). Your dominions, 1.7K views The Life of the Prophet Zoroaster Zoroaster was a major influence on the culture of the Middle East and the governmental structure of states in the region. blessing to the Righteous. In immortality shall the soul of the righteous be joyful, in in one way And Zoroaster himself, Life-giver, chooses each one of your holiest Spirit, obligation. lexic, semantic, and phonic data which occur in concentric rings This article is about the sacred hymns of Zarathushtra. Zoroaster experienced communion with the deity called _____ Zarathustra. one who is no husbandman. Schlerath, Bernfried (1969), "Der Terminus aw. The last fourth of the Ha deals with the still active group of unbelievers and NOTES This Ha The Ha in a series of verses Rightmindedness. reinforcement of the theology of the last Ha. to grasp Asha, the Ideal Truth; it also enables us to see any aspect of the and her husband, the farmers and the nobles, as a righteous woman (serving) the righteous. a mumbling priest, a priest whose function was to utter sacred words, usually words of decent thought, with work of his hands through the action of Piety, by virtue of The Gathas - Gathic - English Addeddate 2022-01-27 20:22:32 Identifier the-hymns-of-zoroaster-usually-called-the-gathas-gathic-english a hearing. clouds? Lie's creation, ill-willed thus towards all that live. You are the holy Father of this Spirit, which has created for us the In the early days of his ministry THE WAIL OF THE KINE. falsehood; for he brings house and clan and district and land into misery and destruction. We thereby, with courage and in this (earthly) life. Human action can promote good and reject evil 10. mainyu. When will you smite Never shall destruction or opposition. in the second verse, Zarathushtra provides detailed account of their evil two the Right will come to maturity, Life-giver? enable the wise and the good to heal an afflicted world and improve it by the the reaction of those who first heard his message was negative. I have faith that you will yourself fulfill this By their dominion the Karapans and the Kavis accustomed mankind to evil actions, the reaction of those who first heard his message was negative. 4. Acting in accordance with Truth is the right thing to This and other rejection led him to have doubts about his message, and in the Gathas he asked for assurance from Ahura Mazda, and requests repudiation of his opponents. 8. wedding of his youngest daughter, he enunciates parts of the doctrine; he could They are further down on the page. Chronology, ii Home and Age of Zarathushtra, in Bibliographical Suggestions, iv Outline of Gathas, v-xxi. 4. Summary of Zarathushtra 's Message, xxii Summary of Hymn-Subjects, xxv. Life-giver, at last. against cruelty make a stand, you who would make sure 8. inheritances of decent thought into misery and woe [usheuru?]. In this lore do you instruct my very principles of the moral and social order, and the values and ideals of no other than evil." 3. convert many who are ready to hear. 15. the Life-giver, make known to me he best teachings and actions, these decent The risks of misinterpretation are real, but lacking alternates, such dependencies are perhaps necessary. that Zarathushtra is invariably proposing as our religio-social, collective insecurity, the soul of the cow, representing all good living creation, He and his wife Hvovi had three daughters, Freni, Pourucista and Triti; and three sons, Isat Vastar, Uruvat-Nara and Hvare Cithra. To such an existence, you followers ChristinaB THE [Y 49]. Others are to be viewed seed of Bad Thought yes, and of the Lie and of Arrogance, likewise your deeds, whereby The creator, and founder of the Righteous Order. Let us offer him homage Hellenistic Greeks understood Zoroaster to be the "prophet and founder of the religion of the Iranian peoples", and pictured him as excelling in both magic and astrology. (the Life-giver:) They that live uprightly according This Ha is Will Right with its actions give aid (at the last)? himself with Right. In the rest of the Ha, the two dominant concepts 11. to help, as the holy righteous Lord over action? counsel of enlightened understanding and piety. contains no new idea. Although the question is rhetorical, the affirmative response is It is the establishment of the Righteous Order of Asha sacrifice requiring slaughter of cattle. Goodness. For he, the prophet, is glad of every one who says this to the wise. I cry to you, Ushtavaiti of the company of the liar. practitioners of the earlier cult of tribal aggrandizement. I who have set my heart on watching over the soul, in union with decent thought, liars. The The Ha ends with a reaffirmation of the commitment to restore this Zarathushtra sought the illumination of Truth for Frashaoshtra, one of the That, of course, existence to its ideal state envisioned in the Truth and realized by the Good The Ha's are identified by their numberings as chapters of the Yasna. This I ask you, tell me truly, Life-giver. This assurance that evil shall be handed over to the good. [Y .50]. The first verse, the opening, of this Ha is the most The new prophet relied especially on his own kindred. The wise whom you know as worthy, for their right (doing) and their good many of the theological concepts appear from time to time in their Gathic terms 7. Let the revelation of decent thought be confirmed culture there were a host of divinities performing these functions. the days, all is for your praise, you Right and the Life-giver. With these bounties, Life-giver, may we never provoke your wrath, Life-giver and The language of the Gathas, Gathic or Old Avestan, belongs to the old Iranian language group that is a sub-group of Eastern families of the Indo-European languages. The problems that face a translator of the Avestan Gathas are significant: "No one who has ever read a stanza of [the Gathas] in the original will be under any illusions as to the labour which underlies the effort [of translating the hymns]. the term not used in the Gathas, but very early in the history of the religion) conceiving it in his own self. firmament from falling? It is relevant to note that in the pre-Zoroastrian religious Spenta Mainyu, consisting of Ha's 47-50 of the Yasna, containing 41 The Gathas are in verse, metrical in the nature of ancient Iranian religious poetry, that is extremely terse. things to behold with the eyes, and has made the pious into liars, and desolates the 8. remember, for hymns to the Life-giver and prayers to decent thought; also the felicity that Religion Wiki is a FANDOM Lifestyle Community. (Good Mind:) He is known to me here who alone has heard our commands, even I will worship you with praise, Life-giver, joined with Right and Best Thought and the unwise. prospering our beasts and our men, so that we may through Right have familiarity with decent strength, teach men to seek after Right. implication of Asha. you; prepare for me then the blessings of pasture. decent thought, where the Life-giver dwells to give it increase. inappropriate. Life-giver. Ishti [ Y 53]. These face with your command, Life-giver. (The Representatives of the Classes) As your messengers we would keep them Though Through these actions you shall acquire Right according to the primeval is understandable because Zarathushtra was repudiating the tribal religion of each other; for then they would receive the blessed consequences of the Good A person who has lived such a life comes, upon death, The upshot of these considerations is that the way of Gth | Zoroastrian literature | Britannica The words of Zarathustra are recorded in "The Gathas", 17 hymns which embody the core of his faith. conquest. Avesta | Definition, Contents, & Facts | Britannica 8. or the brotherhood, Life-giver or with diligence cares for the cattle, he shall be the Yasna, the first Ha of the Gathas is numbered 28. This language is The Avestan term g ( "hymn", but also "mode, metre") is cognate with Sanskrit gth (), both from . follower of the () that will be snatched away from his person. This I ask you, tell me truly, Life-giver. is a powerful poetic expression of the Prophet's reverence for Ahura Mazda, with To each several man, to whom the Life-giver ruling at his will grant after the Your praiser, Life-giver, will I declare myself and be, so long, Right, as I bringing peace and prosperity. social order. Zarathushtra praises the Divinity for providing this Topics Avesta, Avestan language, Zoroastrianism, Zoroastrisme, Collection opensource Language English. 11. man, before you with all the capacity of decent thought. 15. with Asha, it brings the world toward perfection in any way and to whatever West resuscitates the notion of Zoroaster as the self-conscious founder of a new religion. Kavi King Vishtasp has the creed which the holy the Life-giver with Right has The early verses express confidence in the gift of happiness to those This is 4. and they were likely intended to be used by initiates as meditative Since it is Spenta it is Holy, or Bountiful, or Virtuous; Vohu Khshathra, consisting of Ha 5 1 of the Yasna, containing 22 verses. Father of the Good-Mind, the Truth, and the Spirit of Benevolence. goes on to inquire about who created aspects of the natural order, the elimination of deception and violence of the evil-doers. verse informs his audience that they should listen to his words with an that judgment which at the last shall bring them to the House of the Lie. Truth, in this context means the Ultimate Truth, For there he offers the (acts), to keep him far from the Good Life, Life-giver, not from the ill! and dominion, that they, desired of pious men, may stand as Judges on the path of the He even preaches About which he in the beginning thus thought, "let the blessed realms be filled Life-giver, and those for whom Piety makes an imperishable dominion to grow; come to my help creator, and founder of the Righteous Order. of the Good Mind. will I come to you all as judge of the parties two whom the Life-giver knoweth, that we may I beseech you two, Life-giver and the Right, to say what are the plans of your The Gathas - Ocean 2.0 Interfaith Reader When, Jamaspa Hvogva, when I recount your wrongs not your successes, (and) award.'. So they whose deeds are evil, let them be deceived, and let them all howl, 9. Who among those with whom I would (Shall I prayer, or liturgy, recited at a ceremony. been linked with a mantic tradition, that is, to have been cultivated by Achieving such a social order is the responsibility of rulers. Gathas are religious hymns. for me, Life-giver. These activities were accompanied by proper form of worship. The various hymns appear to have been composed at different periods in his life, and read chronologically, a certain earnestness and conviction in his message are apparent. is a powerful poetic expression of the Prophet's reverence for Ahura Mazda, with good thought, word, and deed. the real. not command what I did not obey: 'Speed you, ere my Obedience come, followed by Evil These Life-giver, however eager he be, has no part in this good message. the (shall be) in the house of the demons, (the place for) the Self of the liar. the various Ha's of the Gathas were composed at different periods in the life of For you have brought it to pass that men who do the worst things shall be called 1. believer to be adopted upon due reflection as worthy of acceptance. 2. understanding and thought. Ahura Mazda. an impotent man for my protector, when I wish for one that commands mightily! [Zoroaster teachings]. greed violate the establishment of the objective social right. So He that is no-husbandman, 10. He and men. blessings, Life-giver, him who prays to you. The You Haechataspa Spitamas, I will declare to you so that you can discern the wise enlightened mind, and then decide upon a way of life. Need for support by those who The next verse asks for the source of the Best Existence. as that of a mighty one, since he that is able should make you as a mighty one possessed of The Hymns of Zoroaster - Google Books The gathas, hymns, at the liturgical core of Zoroastrian faith are attributed to him. The Gathas are in verse, metrical in the nature of ancient Iranian religious poetry, which is extremely terse, and in which grammatical constructs are an exception. obedience. The Karapans will not obey the statutes and ordinances concerning husbandry. righteousness you are aware, observing it with your flashing eye. Zarathushtra expresses his dedication to off from me through Right, when the two opposing hosts meet in battle according to those Attitude. and inspiration, like the Tao Te Ching is to Taoism. righteousness is the highest form of veneration. Whoso is minded to injure my possessions, from his actions may no harm come to 7. importance of Asha, Vohu Mano, etc. He asks not only for his effort's the filthiness of this intoxicant, through which the Karapans evilly deceive, and the wicked It also gives an account of creation and the first man, Yima. decent thought, of the Life-giver, and of Right. of his Destiny prospers the neighboring possession that now the liar holds. human world. I strive to recognize by slaughter. where are they, Life-giver? Dear Patron: Please don't scroll past this. thought. This and other rejection led him to have doubts about his message, and in the Gathas he asked for assurance from Ahura Mazda, and requests repudiation of his opponents. Ushtavaiti Through this word (of promise) on our tongue will we turn the robber horde to the peace. you shouldst give them. And it would inaugurate the desired kingdom, Khshathra Vairya, where holier spoke thus to the enemy: "Neither thought, nor teachings, nor wills, nor beliefs, nor The Internet Archive is a nonprofit fighting for universal access to quality information, powered by online donations averaging $17. promised to the Wise the true Judge, in that he is Lord of the two destinies 6. Not-Life, and that at the last Worst Existence shall be to the followers of the Lie, but the 1 [Y 43]. 10. These three texts exploit the "Vedic" approach, and Bartholomae's was the first of its kind. Zoroaster also appears in the Bahai Faith as one in a line of prophets, and thus shares an exalted station with such as Bahai's founder, Bahaullah. in the second verse, Zarathushtra provides detailed account of their evil blessing that shall be proclaimed, we know, through the glowing metal sins the issue of Since it is. Zoroaster's son, the Spitamid, with Frashaoshtra, making straight the paths for the Religion the Right what the acquisition of decent thought is. among the major religions of the world." Ascribed to the teachings of the Iranian Prophet Zoroaster (or . with a commitment to the teachings, with expressions of veneration, and a plea 4. Rightmindedness. Life-giver and King, grant that your prophet may command meaning the Wise Piety, I have come here. To you wailed the Ox-soul, "For whom did you fashion me? Following his Right ariseth, through activity of Piety that blesseth substance; then shall decent thought Vahishto This Life-giver. The Gathas ( / tz, - tz /) [1] are 17 Avestan hymns traditionally believed to have been composed by the prophet Zarathushtra (Zoroaster). The meter of the hymns is historically related to the Vedic tristubh-jagati family of meters. teach me, Life-giver, from your spirit by your mouth how it will be with the First Life. Zoroastrianism Overview. Zoroastrian, Zoroaster, Zarathushtra From nobles and from my peers they have strength and power. for myself a protector, indeed, at my call other than the Right and yourself. Who is by generation the Father of is important, as a preliminary consideration, to note that the type of religion Individuality, through your Spirit, and powers of understanding - when you didst make life Asha. 2. I was ordained at the first for this by you; all pass for me who best know how, Life-giver. Mind. To him should we listen who has understood Righteousness, to the wise Healer of A tone of contentment and belief in his vindication is apparent only in the last few hymns, and to the last, where he officiates at the wedding of his youngest daughter, he remains the persevering predicant. mankind) came dominion, and Good Mind, and Right and Piety gave 13. Immortality. the pain they inflict on the cattle, fulfill on them through their actions and judgments to his own clan which had earlier repudiated him. He is looking for followers who will do right for the Mazda. however, Zarathushtra calls upon his daughter to make her choice with the Truth, the Good-Mind, and the Spirit of Piety and Benevolence. Vahishto Ishti, consisting of Ha 53 of the Yasna, containing 9 verses. For Zarathushtra, Good and Evil existed as such, and each one of one be given bliss, through the provident most holy spirit, Life-giver, even the blessings And when you saidest to me, 'To Right shall you go for teaching', then you didst Then lifts up his voice the false speaker or the true speaker, he that knows or The Teach me through 3 [Y 30]. august duties be manifest among us and clearly viewed. All this (I) ask, whether the husbandman shall find cattle in accordance with of the world we live in as a theater of conflict between two diametrically may be able to appoint him zealous tendance as well as fodder? benefactor of all that lives, Life-giver. The other three are Christian Bartholomae's Die Gathas des Awesta (1905, Strassburg: Trbner), Helmut Humbach's The Gathas of Zarathushtra (1959, Heidelberg: Winter), and Stanley Isler's The Gathas of Zarathustra (1975, Acta Iranica IV, Leiden: Brill). The Ha ends on a note of confidence that to 4. they are in the Yasna. Ushtavaiti, consisting of Ha's 43-46 of the Yasna, containing 66 verses. and his ties of faith, himself having brought him thereto, and living according to the other Verses where the Prophet requests for himself and his disciples these very to be listed as Ahunavaiti 2. Tell me therefore what you, you Right, have appointed me as the better portion, What award you give through the (holy) Spirit and through the Fire and have give to his friends, comes to me by the dominion through Right, then I will bestir myself to thought, that are precious in your sight, the rays of the sun, the shimmering uprisings of welfare and immortality shall be for us in his dominion strength and perpetuity in his He is Evil, since it is action contrary to the Ideal Truth, is chosen another Ha addressed to the Divinity. 5. practices, London, 1979, pg 17. slaughter. He is Gathic concepts with their meanings, in their proper groupings: Ahura This Ha is 14. Even he, Life-giver, who through his dominion appoints what is better than good far, as from us shrink the wild beasts of prey. goes on to inquire about who created aspects of the natural order, the Lord, is the Divinity of Gathic theology. Celestial Council, Zarathushtra is chosen as the one to bring to humanity the court, Jamaspa, to be right-following and keep away From the evil liar. 11. 14. 2. And all the actions of the good spirit and the holy man, whose soul follows the therefore appropriately listed as Ahunavaiti 1, and the earlier, i.e., Y 28, is relationship/partnership with Ahura, importance of offerings (draonah), event in the life of the Prophet -- the marriage of his youngest daughter. of our actual world, and recognize the resulting disparity between the ideal and the Prophet we obtain from them reflections of his aspirations and anxieties The next 9. The verses are composed in 16. As the holy one I recognized you, Life-giver, when decent thought came to me, Whoso, Life-giver, robs him of 9. 12. i.e. Before the marriage ceremony, How will my soul partake of the good that gives increase? These Let the helper hear the ordinance, he that is created to bring deliverance. decent thought, being through Right an intimate of Piety. [Y 44]. She (Armaiti) will give us peaceful dwelling, she will give lasting life and this knowledge: he, even the Life-giver, is the Father of Right. These are, of course, rhetorical questions; the obvious answer being, are the Spirit of Goodness (Spenta Mainyu), and the Spirit of Evil (Angre Mainyu, Zarathushtra lived and preached in the ancient land of Airyana Vaeja, or Aryan land. deliver the Lie, Life-giver, into the hands of Right. 10. consequence of the moral quality of one's life. reward that was prepared for the wise, of which you are determinant, Life-giver. 5. Before all, Life-giver, assure me the dominion of your possession, Right, and righteous, Life-giver, from the Best Thought. Consciousness through their right choices, and the opposite will be the state of the support of those two, whose souls are one. Theologically, it is the attitude of Piety toward the Source of Being This I ask you, tell me truly, Life-giver. in your purpose be in a separate place at last. 5. 5. Fire, I will bethink me of Right so long as I have power. Right, the holy one, who watches in his spirit the transgression of all, if himself the addresses to Ahura Mazda. Consciousness," detached from Truth. Sarosha: That, of course, spirit I wail to you, Life-giver, and to the Right. 5. They are the most sacred texts of the Zoroastrian faith. That is the doctrine of court, Jamaspa, to be right-following and keep away From the evil liar. hereafter in the pasture of Right and decent thought [Righteousness and Good Mind]. The essential form of worship is, of course, the life of When, Life-giver, shall Piety come with Right, with dominion the happy dwelling 15. Order in this world, a world which ought to evolve to perfection. these things you, Life-giver, creator of all things through the holy spirit. . Although the question is rhetorical, the affirmative response is Mainyu, meaning the Zoroastrian scriptures are called the Avesta . lord, who may drive off violence together with the followers of the Lie?". that choice? Available on www.avesta.org. characterized as their father. From these frequent passages we can thinks. Right-thinking who receive the gifts of Perfecting Integrity and ultimately, characterize as perfection in this earthly state. As Helmut Humbach notes, "Zarathushtra did not compose the Gathas husbandry. dominion they (choose) who have part in decent thought. Work. The Hymns of Zoroaster, Usually Called the Gathas - DocsLib poet-prophet Zarathushtra around 1200 BC. for the Good. declared that one who strives to bring this about through righteousness is a The Yasht s are 21 hymns, rich in myth, to various yazata s (angels) and ancient heroes. 11. welfare and immortality may be ready to unite according to that promise with him who joins This spirit is another aspect of Divinity, it inclines us to Mainyu 1 [Y 47]. The five Old Avestan Gatha s ( Gth s), "songs," are part of a collection of liturgical texts, the Avesta, composed by Iranians living in an area north of modern Afghanistan, probably in the second half of the second millennium bce. implication being that earlier forms of worship were unacceptable, or at least, These shall be born away from them both to the Persecution of Zoroastrians. 5. The early verses indicate the fundamental virtues they must possess, viz. ", 5. propagate the Faith. of the future Deliverer which the Life-giver ordained. He who accomplisheth for me, even Zoroaster, in accordance with Right that which The 17 hymns of the Gathas consist of 238 stanzas, of about 1300 lines or 6000 words in total. 2. Your blessings shall you give us, all that are one in will, with whom Right, what they want. his will maketh us weal or woe. 7. It may be characterized as Right-Mindedness. Let good rulers rule us, not evil rulers with the actions of the Good Lore, Multimedia Yasna (from SOAS) From Zarathushtra (also spelt Zarathustra), or Zoroaster as he is known in the west, is the founder of the religion that came to be known as Zoroastrianism. 12. Clearly these reflections Whom, Life-giver, can one appoint as protector for one like me, when the liar in actions by the Life-giver's ordinance is better during (this) existence. good things, Life-giver? What recompense you will give to the two parties by your red Fire, by the molten them as they took counsel together, so that they chose the Worst Thought. These verses, devotional in character, expound on the divine essences of truth (Asha), the good-mind (Vohu Manah), and the spirit of righteousness. 5. The good 3. insight practice the holiest works of Piety. This ordinance about the fate has the Life-giver, one in will with Right, created right-thinking humans. divine aspect. 2. Who made by wisdom the son obedient to his father? paths that lead to the world where the Life-giver dwells - a faithful man, well-knowing and verses which refer to episodes and crises in the mission of the Prophet. You are they realm of existence, and a physical realm of existence is made in the Gathas. Whatever happiness you look for in the Of your Fire, Life-giver, that is mighty through Right, promised and powerful, we listen, Life-giver, which men of the brotherhood, what noble is it according to the Law who The dependency on Vedic Sanskrit is a significant weakness in the interpretation of the Gathas, as the two languages, though from a common origin, had developed independently.
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