In 1951, Libya, a former Italian colony, gained independence. Find the Countries of Europe - No Outlines Minefield. [106], The Scramble for Africa[b] is a term widely used by historians to describe the invasion, annexation, division, and colonization of most of Africa by seven Western European powers during an era known as "New Imperialism" (between 1833 and 1914). The powers and authority of the President of the African Parliament derive from the Constitutive Act and the Protocol of the Pan-African Parliament, as well as the inheritance of presidential authority stipulated by African treaties and by international treaties, including those subordinating the Secretary General of the OAU Secretariat (AU Commission) to the PAP. Rocky features of southern Africa include plateaus and mountains, such as the Drakensberg range.Southern Africa is the epicenter of Africa's well-known reserves, which protect animal species such as lions, elephants, baboons (Papio spp. Mangroves have exposed root systems, allowing the trees to absorb oxygen directly from the air as well as from the nutrient-poor soil.RainforestMost of Africa's native rainforest has been destroyed by development, agriculture, and forestry. Separated from Europe by the Mediterranean Sea, it is joined to Asia at its northeast ex. The borders of the Roman Empire, which fluctuated throughout the empire's history, were realised as a combination of military roads and linked forts, natural frontiers (most notably the Rhine and Danube rivers) and man-made fortifications which separated the lands of the empire from the countries beyond. [11] Despite this low concentration of wealth, recent economic expansion and the large and young population make Africa an important economic market in the broader global context. If you have questions about licensing content on this page, please contact ngimagecollection@natgeo.com for more information and to obtain a license. Africa is starting to focus on agricultural innovation as its new engine for regional trade and prosperity. By 250 BCE, Djenn-Djenno had become a large, thriving market town. Driver ants move in columns of up to 20 million across the rainforest floor and will eat anything from toxic millipedes to reptiles and small mammals.The African rainforest's plant community is even more diverse, with an estimated 8,000 plant species documented. The kidneys of the jerboa, a type of rodent, produce highly concentrated urine that minimizes water loss. In 814 BC, they founded the city of Carthage in what is now Tunisia in north Africa; only to be destroyed by the Romans in 146 BC. Both the Soviet Union and the United States offered considerable incentives to African political and military leaders who aligned themselves with the superpowers' foreign policy. Ruppel, M.A. [183], In recent years, the People's Republic of China has built increasingly stronger ties with African nations and is Africa's largest trading partner. [130] Cape Verde, 1733'22" W, the westernmost point, is a distance of approximately 7,400km (4,600mi) to Ras Hafun, 5127'52" E, the most easterly projection that neighbours Cape Guardafui, the tip of the Horn of Africa.[129]. This count does not include Malta and Sicily, which are geologically part of the African continent. African migrants dumped on Tunisia-Libya border plead for help [194] The Berber-speaking Tuareg and other often-nomadic peoples are the principal inhabitants of the Saharan interior of North Africa. Pygmies are the pre-Bantu indigenous peoples of central Africa.[193]. However, Africa also is heavily affected by a wide range of environmental issues, including desertification, deforestation, water scarcity and pollution. Where they differ, provisos are clearly indicated. From the 16th to 19th century, an estimated 800,000 to 1.25 million people were taken captive as slaves. [232][233][234] Masks are important elements in the art of many peoples, along with human figures, and are often highly Stylized. The countries in this table are categorized according to the scheme for geographic subregions used by the United Nations, and data included are per sources in cross-referenced articles. A map depicting Africa before colonization in 1812 by Arrowsmith and Lewis, printed in Boston by Thomas & Andrews. While Africans profess a wide variety of religious beliefs, the majority of the people respect African religions or parts of them. The golden-rumped elephant shrew, an insect-eating rodent with a long snout, is common. As of March 2023, 98 African properties are listed by UNESCO as World Heritage Sites. Rugby is popular in several southern African nations. In a recently published analysis based on World Values Survey data, the Austrian political scientist Arno Tausch maintained that several African countries, most notably Ghana, perform quite well on scales of mass support for democracy and the market economy.[177]. 1. Countries of the World. By 1445 they reached the Cape Verde Islands and the coast of Senegal, and the mouth of the River Congo in 1482. The division of Africa, the last continent to be so carved up, was essentially a product . Copper objects from Egypt, North Africa, Nubia, and Ethiopia dating from around 500 BC have been excavated in West Africa, suggesting that Trans-Saharan trade networks had been established by this date. Territorial disputes between nations and rebellions by groups seeking independence were also common in independent African states. The king protea (Protea cynaroides), South Africa's national flower, is found in the Cape Floral Region. Despite this diversity, there are unifying artistic themes present when considering the totality of the visual culture from the continent of Africa.[228]. In 2007, Chinese companies invested a total of US$1billion in Africa. By 200 AD, the Nok culture had vanished. There is a vast variety of styles, often varying within the same context of origin and depending on the use of the object, but wide regional trends are apparent; sculpture is most common among "groups of settled cultivators in the areas drained by the Niger and Congo rivers" in West Africa. [240] As there are more than 50 countries with audiovisual traditions, there is no one single 'African cinema'. Nile River System: The Nile is a north-flowing river considered the longest river in the world at 6,650 km (4,130 mi) long. [97] By the eleventh century, some Hausa states such as Kano, jigawa, Katsina, and Gobir had developed into walled towns engaging in trade, servicing caravans, and the manufacture of goods. How were the borders of Africa's countries formed Britain banned slave trade in 1807, but it was not officially abolished for good until 1848. Fagg, Bernard. The last 400 years have witnessed an increasing European influence on the continent. Like in the sample, bright colors are often used to help the user find the borders. Various conflicts between various insurgent groups and governments continue. Nok: African Sculpture in Archaeological Context: p. 21. (1985). you are assuming no one will have conflicting claims about borders. 4. Africa and the middle east combined have a lower population than India & Pakistan combined. Between 1808 and 1860, the British West Africa Squadron seized approximately 1,600 slave ships and freed 150,000 Africans who were aboard. [67] This climate change caused lakes and rivers to shrink significantly and caused increasing desertification. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, "Climate change triggers mounting food insecurity, poverty and displacement in Africa", "Global warming: severe consequences for Africa", "Rainfall and Water Resources Variability in Sub-Saharan Africa during the Twentieth Century", "Launch of the African Union, 9 July 2002: Address by the chairperson of the AU, President Thabo Mbeki", "OAU Charter, Addis Ababa, 25 May 1963-African Union Peace and Security Department", "Human Development Reports United Nations Development Programme", "World Bank Updates Poverty Estimates for the Developing World", "The developing world is poorer than we thought, but no less successful in the fight against poverty", Economic report on Africa 2004: unlocking Africa's potential in the global economy, "Neo-Liberalism and the Economic and Political Future of Africa", "The Number of the Poor Increasing Worldwide while Sub-Saharan Africa is the Worst of All", "Zambia's looming debt crisis is a warning for the rest of Africa", "Africa on the Maps of Global Values: Comparative Analyses, Based on Recent World Values Survey Data", Africa: Developed Countries' Leverage On the Continent, China tightens grip on Africa with $4.4bn lifeline for Guinea junta, "Africa Can Feed Itself in a Generation, Experts Say", "India Will Be Most Populous Country Sooner Than Thought, U.N. Says", "What to do about Africa's dangerous baby boom", "Fertility rate, total (births per woman) - Sub-Saharan Africa", "Global age-sex-specific fertility, mortality, healthy life expectancy (HALE), and population estimates in 204 countries and territories, 1950-2019: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019", Urban world history: an economic and geographical perspective, Pygmies struggle to survive in war zone where abuse is routine, Naomi Schwarz, "Lebanese Immigrants Boost West African Commerce", "Growth of World Population, GDP and GDP Per Capita before 1820", "Five key findings from the 2022 UN Population Prospects", "World's population is projected to nearly stop growing by the end of the century", "Rising Muslim Power in Africa Causing Unrest in Nigeria and Elsewhere", "World Population by continents and countries Nations Online Project", "UNAIDS Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic 2012", "The Crisis of Appropriating Identity for African Art and Artists: The Abayomi Barber School Responsorial Paradigm", "Alexandria, Why? All maps, graphics, flags, photos and original descriptions 2023 worldatlas.com, Africa facts and figures, capital cities and currency, Africa land statistics, highest and lowest points, Africa landforms, lakes, mountains and rivers, Africa latitude, longitude and relative locations, Africa links to major attractions and points of interest, Africa maps, outline, political and topographical, Africa travel information, airfares, cruises and train travel, Africa weather forecasts and current conditions, capital cities of the world - by population, countries of the world - listed by continent, 30 Countries With The Youngest Populations In The World, Countries Receiving The Least Development Assistance, 9 Underrated Destinations In the Poconos To Avoid Summer Crowds, 10 Affordable Summer Vacation Spots In Florida's Emerald Coast, What Really Started The American Civil War, 10 Adorable Small Towns In the Outer Banks, 14 Underrated Destinations In the Pacific Northwest To Avoid Summer Crowds. Countries of the World. About 75 percent of the Sahara's population lives in oases, which make up only 2,071 square kilometers (800 square miles) of the desert's vast area.The Sahara's animal and plant communities have adapted to the region's extremely dry conditions. Borders of the Roman Empire - Wikipedia Cram-cram, a prickly grass, is the primary fodder for Sahel herds such as zebu cattle (Bos indicus).Ethiopian HighlandsThe Ethiopian Highlands began to rise 75 million years ago, as magma from Earth's mantle uplifted a broad dome of ancient rock. At about 30.3million km2 (11.7million squaremiles) including adjacent islands, it covers 20% of Earth's land area and 6% of its total surface area. For additional geography details please use the yellow navigation bar at the top of this page. A dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) conserves water by changing its body temperature so it doesn't sweat as the day gets hotter. The gravel can be black, red, or white. All rights reserved. Rwanda has notably 'jagged' borders descended directly from a centuries old Kingdom there. [186] As of 2021, the population of Africa is estimated at 1.4 billion [1][2]. This dome was later split as Africa's continental crust pulled apart, creating the Great Rift Valley system. Sorting Squares: Sports Teams by League. Colonial Borders in Africa: Improper Design and its Impact on African We can only hope so. The most devastating of these was the Nigerian Civil War, fought between government forces and an Igbo separatist republic, which resulted in a famine that killed 12 million people. Fast Facts about Africa Area: 30.2 million km, Population: 1.3 billion people (2019) How many countries are there in Africa? Ironworking was fully established by roughly 500 BC in many areas of East and West Africa, although other regions didn't begin ironworking until the early centuries CE. Borders are political boundaries. [44] During the mid-20th century, anthropologists discovered many fossils and evidence of human occupation perhaps as early as 7 million years ago (Before present, BP). African Union Border Programme (AUBP) and its Implementation Mo-dalities, as adopted by the Conference of African Ministers in Charge of Border Issues, held in Addis Ababa, on 7th June 2007. Since World War I, there have been numerous changes in borders between nations, detailed below. Africans were also driven by their passionate desire for independence and the movement for same became unstoppable. 54 African Countries | Africa.com "[223] Fraser and Cole assert that, in Igboland, some art objects "lack the vigor and careful craftsmanship of the earlier art objects that served traditional functions. [220], Some aspects of traditional African cultures have become less practised in recent years as a result of neglect and suppression by colonial and post-colonial regimes. [103], In West Africa, the decline of the Atlantic slave trade in the 1820s caused dramatic economic shifts in local polities. The Afro-Eurasian Continent The term Afro-Eurasia, sometimes known as World Island, refers to the largest connected land area on Earth. Countries of Africa Map Quiz - Sporcle it is split along the following lines: the 16 Guthrie Bantu zones, Whatever European power was the last one they were a part of the colonial empire of. The Arabs were Muslims, and most of North Africa converted to Islam; Ethiopia was the exception. July 20, 2023. More than 1,100 of these species are endemic, or found nowhere else on Earth. There is now a resurgence in the attempts to rediscover and revalue African traditional cultures, under such movements as the African Renaissance, led by Thabo Mbeki, Afrocentrism, led by a group of scholars, including Molefi Asante, as well as the increasing recognition of traditional spiritualism through decriminalization of Vodou and other forms of spirituality. [217] Furthermore, the life expectancy in many parts of Africa has declined, largely as a result of the HIV/AIDS epidemic with life-expectancy in some countries reaching as low as thirty-four years. The vast majority of African states are republics that operate under some form of the presidential system of rule. During that time the Sahara Desert was a fertile area. Slavery had long been practiced in Africa. [237], Like other aspects of the culture of Africa, the architecture of Africa is exceptionally diverse. Most of the rest of the continent became independent over the next decade. Between 2000 and 2014, annual GDP growth in sub-Saharan Africa averaged 5.02%, doubling its total GDP from $811 Billion to $1.63 Trillion (Constant 2015 USD). The largest segments of modern Africa's economies are agriculture and mining, with tourism growing in some areas. (The Beginnings of the Cinema Industry in Alexandria)", "The Golden Age of Egyptian Cinema the 1940s to 1960s", "Definitions of Styles and Genres: Traditional and Contemporary African Music", "Getting to know Africa's flashy basketball arenas", "RWC 2023 Spotlight: South Africa Rugby World Cup 2023", "Drones and satellites spot lost civilizations in unlikely places", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Africa&oldid=1167495404, (al-marib)/ (lmerib)/Maroc, (a-ar' al-Gharbiyyah)/Taneroft Tutrimt/Shara Occidental, Komori/Comores/ (Juzur al-Qumur), (tyy)/Itiyoophiyaa//Itoophiyaa/Itoobiya/, Terres australes et antarctiques franaises, (Soomaaliya) / (a-ml), Kdrsse t Bafrka/Rpublique centrafricaine, Guinea Ecuatorial/Guine quatoriale/Guin Equatorial, yaseNingizimu Afrika/yoMzantsi-Afrika/Suid-Afrika/Afrika-Borwa/Aforika Borwa/Afrika Borwa/Afrika Dzonga/yeNingizimu Afrika/Afurika Tshipembe/yeSewula Afrika, Massey, in 1881, stated that Africa is derived from the Egyptian, This page was last edited on 28 July 2023, at 03:29. No redistributive religious fundamentalism 7. miles (9,065,000 sq. Regional deserts include the Libyan, Nubian and the Western desert of Egypt, just to the west of the Nile. When were the borders of African countries drawn? - Quora Based on stylistic similarities with the Nok terracottas, the bronze figurines of the Yoruba kingdom of Ife and those of the Bini kingdom of Benin are suggested to be continuations of the traditions of the earlier Nok culture.[90][72]. One of the most important developments of primitive man was the creation of stone tools. Cricket is popular in some African nations. High Human Inequality, as measured by the UNDP's Human Development Report's Index of Human Inequality, further impairs the development of human security. Africa: Physical Geography - National Geographic Society Poland and Lithuania are considering closing their respective borders with Belarus amid concerns over the presence there of the Wagner mercenary group, a Lithuanian . Bush babies, which have enormous eyes for hunting at night, feed primarily on insects, fruit, and leaves.These more vegetated areas are located on a narrow strip just inland from the coastal sands. [212] Most are of African origin, though some are of European or Asian origin. [185] The total number of people in Africa increased from 229 million in 1950 to 630million in 1990. [191], Speakers of Bantu languages (part of the NigerCongo family) are the majority in southern, central and southeast Africa. The continent is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Isthmus of Suez and the Red Sea to the northeast, the Indian Ocean to the southeast and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. From the late 19th century to the early 20th century, European nations colonized almost all of Africa, reaching a point when only Ethiopia and Liberia were independent polities. Most pre-colonial borders were . 24 Jul 2023. A few scrubby trees . As other organized kingdoms were formed in central and southern Africa, the Portuguese began to explore the western coast of Africa. Outline map of the Africa continent including the disputed territory of Western Sahara. is one of Africa's most aggressive rainforest species. It contains 54 fully recognised sovereign states, eight cities and islands that are part of non-African states, and two de facto independent states with limited or no recognition. [129] From the most northerly point, Ras ben Sakka in Tunisia (3721' N), to the most southerly point, Cape Agulhas in South Africa (3451'15" S), is a distance of approximately 8,000km (5,000mi). Africa, the planet's 2nd largest continent and the second most-populous continent (after Asia) includes (54) individual countries, and Western Sahara, a member state of the African Union whose statehood is disputed by Morocco. Africa is the hottest continent on Earth and 60% of the entire land surface consists of drylands and deserts. And like most kingdoms before them on any continent, they were invaded and in the end destroyed. Find the US States - No Outlines Minefield. Useful information on populations and more that are updated weekly. List of national border changes (1914-present) - Wikipedia The Arabs who arrived in the 7th century CE introduced the Arabic language and Islam to North Africa. Heavy cultivation has diminished the diversity of plant species in this interior area of the Swahili Coast. The Boko Haram Insurgency primarily within Nigeria (with considerable fighting in Niger, Chad, and Cameroon as well) has killed around 350,000 people since 2009. [202] Dutch and British diasporas represent the largest communities of European ancestry on the continent today. Only 10 percent of the plants in Africa's rainforests have been identified.African Great LakesThe Great Lakes are located in nine countries that surround the Great Rift Valley. Africa straddles the equator and the prime meridian. A small reason was due to the fall in copper prices in 2011, but the bigger reason was that a large amount of the money Zambia borrowed was wasted or pocketed by the elite.[176]. [58] In the Sahara-Nile complex, people domesticated many animals, including the donkey and a small screw-horned goat which was common from Algeria to Nubia. [152][153] This vulnerability is driven by a range of factors that include weak adaptive capacity, high dependence on ecosystem goods for livelihoods, and less developed agricultural production systems. Its inhabitants fished and grew millet. Yet the continent is the second driest in the world, with millions of Africans still suffering from water shortages throughout the year. However, invasive species like the water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) and papyrus (Cyperus papyrus) have begun to take over entire shorelines, endangering animals and plants.Southern AfricaThe region of southern Africa is dominated by the Kaapvaal craton, a shelf of bedrock that is more than 2.6 billion years old. Pottery, metalwork, sculpture, architecture, textile art and fiber art are important visual art forms across Africa and may be included in the study of African art. A school subscription provides additional security, privacy, and content features. Also known as the Partition of Africa, the Conquest of Africa, or the Rape of Africa. About 1.75 million years ago, early man spread throughout parts of Africa. Faced with increasingly frequent and severe violence, military rule was widely accepted by the population of many countries as means to maintain order, and during the 1970s and 1980s a majority of African countries were controlled by military dictatorships. The bronzes have been dated from as far back as the ninth century.[93]. Living structures were made of sun-dried mud. How does the legacy of European-imposed borders affect Africa today? This decline in violence coincided with many countries abandoning communist-style command economies and opening up for market reforms, which over the course of the 1990s and 2000s promoted the establishment of permanent, peaceful trade between neighboring countries (see Capitalist peace). It is shared by and benefits eleven countries. At the said conference western powers agreed amongst themselves that Africa was a 'Tera Nullius' or loosely, land that belongs to no one. They separate countries, states, provinces, counties, cities, and towns. Migrating savanna animals, such as wildebeest, use the lakes as watering holes. Although Africa remains the world's poorest inhabited continent, there are many bright spots in this land of over one billion people and its 2,000 + languages. However, the Tigray War which began in 2020 has killed an estimated 300,000500,000 people, primarily due to famine. Africa - Wikipedia By the end of the 19th century, from Algeria to Zimbabwe, and from Botswana to Niger, the continent was now all but controlled by European powers. That is where the boarders then drawn. Optimism and engagement 11. These colonies later became the independent countries of Somalia, Kenya, and Ethiopia. It was a highly centralized community. This topo map clearly shows the flatness of the Sahara Desert, the depression that Lake Chad sits in, the high mountains of the Great Rift Valley, and it also highlights Lake Victoria, all but surrounded by mountains. Let's Draw the African Borders Quiz. [98][99] Between the 15th and the 19th centuries, the Atlantic slave trade took an estimated 712million slaves to the New World. A person becomes AU President by being elected to the PAP, and subsequently gaining majority support in the PAP. Here is some info from Wikipedia Africa is the largest of the three great southward projections from the largest landmass of the Earth. [7], After the evolution of Homo sapiens approximately 350,000 to 260,000 years BP in Africa,[20][21][22][23] the continent was mainly populated by groups of hunter-gatherers. 3. Boundaries between the continents - Wikipedia [137] According to the University of Pennsylvania African Studies Center, 31% of Africa's pasture lands and 19% of its forests and woodlands are classified as degraded, and Africa is losing over four million hectares of forest per year, which is twice the average deforestation rate for the rest of the world. [83], Christianity spread across these areas at an early date, from Judaea via Egypt and beyond the borders of the Roman world into Nubia;[84] by 340 AD at the latest, it had become the state religion of the Aksumite Empire. It also contains the Nile River system, the world's longest, and the massive Sahara Desert, the world's largest. Cameroon, Nigeria, Morocco, Senegal, Ghana, and Algeria have advanced to the knockout stage of recent FIFA World Cups. [156] Managing this risk requires an integration of mitigation and adaptation strategies in the management of ecosystem goods and services, and the agriculture production systems in Africa.[157]. The continent is bounded on the west by the Atlantic Ocean, on the north by the Mediterranean Sea, on the east by the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean, and on the south by the mingling waters of the Atlantic and Indian oceans. It is also home to a variety of "jungle" animals including snakes and primates and aquatic life such as crocodiles and amphibians. [87] Architectural evidence and the comparison of pottery styles suggest that Dhar Tichitt was related to the subsequent Ghana Empire. Significant Berber communities remain within Morocco and Algeria in the 21st century, while, to a lesser extent, Berber speakers are also present in some regions of Tunisia and Libya. Lake Victoria, the largest lake in Africa, is the southern source of the Nile River, the longest river in the world.The African Great Lakes region has a diverse range of aquatic and terrestrial animal life. Each year, more than one million wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus) travel in a circular migration following seasonal rains across the Serengeti Plains. Seychelles is the smallest African country, occupying 115 islands stretching along the mainland's eastern coast. Journal of African Union Studies (JoAUS) - JSTOR [122] North Africa experienced comparable growth rates. Large Indian communities are found in South Africa, and smaller ones are present in Kenya, Tanzania, and some other southern and southeast African countries. The List Of World Heritage in Danger includes 15 African sites. World Archaeology 1(1): 4150.
Charlottesville, Va Women's Shelter, Trustees Massachusetts, Articles W