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It creates more problems than it solves. Note his careful description of each step. Suggested secondary sources from Divining America: Religion in American History from the National Humanities Center: Deism and the Founding of the United States by Darren Staloff and The First Great Awakening by Christine Heyrman. It is certain that an actual report never took place and that it is nothing but an elaborate hoax. Education Studies / [11] The Woman Accuser, being told that she did not sink, would be duckd a second Time; when she swam again as light as before. I think this is one of the most important pieces of information for me. Accordingly the Time and Place was agreed on, and advertised about the Country; The Accusers were 1 Man and 1 Woman; and the Accused the same. See the article in its original context from. Smyth printed it without questioning (Writings, ii, 1702), as have subsequent editors and biographers. When we talk about witch trials, of course any person with brains should figure it out that not all the accused were witches. Cite evidence from the text to . The rules of the trial dictated that if they floated they were guilty, but if they sank they were innocent. However then Franklin states, Flesh and Bones came down plump, and outweighed that great good Book by abundance. How does Franklin establish it? Subscribe. Although she had not signed an explicit compact with Satan she had covenanted with him through the commission of sin.. In an 1887 book, the historian John Bach McMaster pronounced it a hoax. I will be editing mine for years to come for thoroughness Angela, lol. The short essay details exactly what its title suggests: a witch trial held in Mount Holly (however, according to America in Class, a historical organization, the piece was initially untitled; its name was later bestowed by an eighteenth-century editor who gave it the appropriate heading). Accessed September 24, 2018. https://hubpages.com/wicca-witchcraft/Gender-Bias- 'James, witchcraft can't solve every problem under the sun and moon.'. The accusers believed that if the Accused were weighed in Scales against a Bible, the Bible would prove too heavy for them. Id like to read such an interesting text, and I appreciate you sharing it. Not heresy against God or the bible mind you, but heresy against the church for belief in the bible. "A Witch Trial" also asserts the primacy of reason as the narrator mocks the people of Mount Holly for their belief in witches. Although the majority of people in todays modern society do not believe that witches ever existed, they still place blame and oppress certain individuals and groups. It shows that, by 1730, an educated man like Franklin could attack belief in witches as laughingly old- fashioned.. The Gentlemans Magazine, I (1731), 29, printed a brief account of the trial, based on the Gazette publication, which it accepted as fact. The Burlington Witch Trial of 1730 - Burlington County Times However, after much consideration, the people decided that anyone would try to stay afloat and that perhaps it was the womens clothing that made them stay above the water. Although the Trial at Mount Holly did not really exist, it was actually pretty interesting. Because they could more easily say a womans name than a mans due to the patriarchal society, this further increased the likelihood that women were the ones on trial. We respect nature and align energy. Truyn gc: The Umbrella Academy. Therefore, men's souls were viewed just as evil as womens. He then offers details that make the dateline even more specific and thus make the event more believable. He makes this apparent in the last paragraph where he states, The more thinking Part of the Spectators were of Opinion, that any Person so bound and placd in the Water (unless they were mere Skin and Bones) would swim till their Breath was gone, and their Lungs filld with Water. He makes it sound as if the people were finally coming to their senses, knowing that these trials were pointless and couldnt prove anything. At one point the mob tosses Fullers coffin into water, and the gownsmen leap on it like Spaniels, much as a sailor in Mount Holly leaps on one of the men on trial as he floats in the local mill pond. The narrator ridicules the witch trials by calling them experiments. It seems the Accused had been charged with making their Neighbours Sheep dance in an uncommon Manner, and with causing Hogs to speak, and sing Psalms, &c. to the great Terror and Amazement of the Kings good and peaceable Subjects in this Province; and the Accusers being very positive that if the Accused were weighed in Scales against a Bible, the Bible would prove too heavy for them; or that, if they were bound and put into the River, they would swim; the said Accused desirous to make their Innocence appear, voluntarily offered to undergo the said Trials, if 2 of the most violent of their Accusers would be tried with them. Required fields are marked *. Women, in contrast, were not allowed to show masculine characteristics without being viewed negatively by society. In A Witch Trial at Mount Holly Benjamin Franklin asserts the primacy of reason by satirizing the efforts of those who would seek truth through superstition and irrationality. Which he thinks very highly of as well when first comes to Salem. It is not surprising due to womens belief in inherent evilness that they could more easily imagine that other women were equally damned. For that reason, women more easily accused other women of witchcraft. Click here for standards and skills for this lesson. After the same Manner, the others were served, and their Lumps of Mortality severally were too heavy for Moses and all the Prophets and Apostles. No one said the burned women were all actually witches. The publication date of 1730 places the piece on the earliest fringe of the First Great Awakening, which had its initial manifestations around New Jersey and Pennsylvania. Therefore, perhaps the history of colonial witchcraft needs to be examined from an English colonial experience and not just a Puritan experience in Salem Village. Some of these widowed women were accused because they had inherited large sums of money or property when their husbands had passed away. At first, the account was accepted. The short essay details exactly what its title suggests: a witch trial held in Mount Holly (however, according to America in Class, a historical organization, the piece was initially untitled; its name was later bestowed by an eighteenth-century editor who gave it the appropriate heading). Saturday last [October 7?] Printed in The Pennsylvania Gazette, October 22, 1730. Summary Of A Witch Trial At Mount Holly - fortuneyola literary hoaxes such as "A Witch Trial at Mount Holly" and "The Speech of Miss Polly Baker," satires such as "An Edict by the King of I still loved reading this hub though x. If they sink, they are innocent; if they float, they are guilty. A Witch Trial also asserts the primacy of reason as the narrator mocks the people of Mount Holly for their belief in witches. at Mount-Holly, about 8 Miles from this Place, near 300 People were gathered together to see an Experiment or two tried on some Persons accused of Witchcraft. Great read. Although women under forty might be accused, less than a quarter would face a trial. [1] Saturday last at Mount-Holly, about 8 Miles from this Place, near 300 People were gathered together to see an Experiment or two tried on some Persons accused of Witchcraft. All rights reserved. Witch trials were also abused for petty arguments between villagers. And I enjoyed reading your article. According to the article, a man and woman there had been suspected of bewitching livestock, and it was decided to put them to a test. A close reading lesson plan on satire using Benjamin Franklin's 1730 article 'A Witch Trial at Mount Holly'. The question at hand is whether or not these convictions came unwarranted and if not, why? Through the dateline Burlington, Oct. 12 he tells his readers that the incident took place in a real place at a specific time. 3.Benjamin Franklin as a Man of Letters (Boston, 1887), p. 71. Harvard Art Museums/Fogg Museum, Harvard University Portrait Collection, Bequest of Dr. John Collins Warren, 1856, H47. James, witchcraft can't solve every problem under the sun and moon. Through its grants program, the NHPRC supports a wide range of activities to Comic as it may be, the Oxford story recounts the triumph of science and empiricism, perspectives that drive the satire in A Witch Trial. It would not be surprising if these stories inspired Franklin to write his satire. He is deeply uninvolved. . PDF Benjamin Franklin's Satire of Witch Hunting - Achieve the Core Is it okay for me to use this essay, referenced of course, as a part of my academic research on the witch craze? Puritans believed that Satan attacked the soul by assaulting the body. Not only was the body the path to the souls possession; it was the very expression of the devils attack. As a result, their spiritual and moral selves were considered more vulnerable because of their weaker bodies, which left them more susceptible to the devils traps and Satan could more easily possess their souls. And I enjoyed reading your article. Nausicaa of the Valley of the Wind (Cng cha ca Thung lng gi) - 1984. Women, on the other hand, were not allowed to possess masculine traits without being seen as odd and not fit easily within society. The men and women of Salem faced accusations from all directions and often the accusers were their close friends, business partners, and even their spouses. What if everything in nature you touched withered and died? The depiction of the entire ordealthe manner in which the trial is depicted, the actions of the accused and the accusers, the assumptions clearly held by the community at Mount Holly, the verbalizations of all involvedbespeaks a sort of belittlement on Franklins part, directed towards the behavior of those involved (fictional account or not). [2] It seems the Accused had been charged with making their Neighbours Sheep dance in an uncommon Manner, and with causing Hogs to speak, and sing Psalms, &c. to the great Terror and Amazement of the Kings good and peaceable Subjects in this Province; and the Accusers being very positive that if the Accused were weighed in Scales against a Bible, the Bible would prove too heavy for them; or that, if they were bound and put into the River, they would swim; the said Accused desirous to make their Innocence appear [desiring to prove their innocence], voluntarily offered to undergo the said Trials, if 2 of the most violent of their Accusers would be tried with them. Circle each device you have . A Witch Trial at Mount Holly Printed in The Pennsylvania Gazette, October 22, 1730. 3. Summit Curriculum English 9 10 Explorations in Literature A Witch Trial At the witch trial, two people had been accused, a man and a woman, and their two accusers were also a man and a woman. remember the ladies (year) 1776. . Puritans believed that the body protected the soul. Franklin portrays the trials as essentially comic, thoroughly unserious undertakings note the deal by which the accusers are put on trial, the plump landing in the scale trials, the search for pins, the attempt to sink the floaters. This hoax is included here on the authority of John Bach McMaster, 3 though no external evidence that Franklin wrote it has been found; all that can be said is that he could have done so. A Witch Trial at Mount Holly. Witchcraft is just bullshit meant to trick you into believing you're 'empowered'. Revivalism / The fact that Satan and his imps were viewed as male influenced the idea that witches were usually women. The author of the article denounces Languet as a Fanatick and a Visionary for retailing stories of apparitions the nun claimed to have experienced. An interesting historical veiwpoint - not a common one. the United States, and research and development projects to bring historical records to the thank you, hi dennis if your still hanging around this is the site, and some info , just give them a call ,say martells said you would get him sorted. Just another Blogs @ Suffolk University site. [7] After the same Manner, the others were served, and their Lumps of Mortality severally [separately] were too heavy for Moses and all the Prophets and Apostles. Horror Hoaxes that Shook the World - Scare Street The Pennsylvania Gazette, October 22, 1730, 2023 The History Carper Which of the following literary devices does Franklin use to develop his satire? It seems the Accused had been charged with making their Neighbours Sheep dance in an uncommon Manner, Satire / I also read that in this particular essay, he is mainly poking fun at the puritans, whom were the main believers in witchcraft at the time. Cite evidence from the text to support your answer. Satire by Ben Franklin on the absurdity of witch trials. Third, there is the strong element of satire and broad farce in The Pennsylvania Gazette story. Rather, they are inappropriate and ineffectual attempts to determine a persons guilt or innocence. Thank you for thew time you put into this hub. Society, of course, has its own ideas and can't keep up sometimes. Benjamin Franklin and Satire - Lesson Plan - America in Class How does Franklin characterize the trials? For example, the description of what happened when the first accused witch was placed on the scale is a bit slapstick: 'But to the great Surprize of the Spectators, Flesh and Bones came down plump, and outweighed that great good Book by abundance. They control us! No one has found records of one in New Jersey or Pennsylvania in or around 1730. In English and American history, witches were usually accused of bringing sickness and misfortune to their victims or their victims' livestock. The differing ideas regarding sin contributed to how each sex confessed or denied witchcraft accusations, which affected the way a person was viewed and ultimately the outcome of a trial. However, as the accusations went from poorer and less reputable victims to people of more reputation and influence in the colonies; the women accusers seemed to had gone to far and witchcraft accusations and hangings were banned and many accused witches were let free., Realistically, religious intolerance and the fear of witchcraft permeated every colony. Upon which she declared, That she believed the Accused had bewitched her to make her so light, and that she would be duckd again a Hundred Times, but she would duck the Devil out of her. However then Franklin states, Flesh and Bones came down plump, and outweighed that great good Book by abundance. The touch test worked on the idea that victims of sorcery would have a special reaction to physical contact with their evildoer. One reason that women confused sin with witchcraft is that they viewed themselves as inherently evil. 7. 17th century America. ), ELA-LITERACY.RL.11-12.9 (Demonstrate knowledge of eighteenth-, nineteenth- and early-twentieth-century foundational works of American literature. This made it difficult to pick on subject changes throughout the course of the essay. It suggests that he is not necessarily well informed or even terribly concerned about what is going on: the people have gathered to see an Experiment or two; It seems that the accused are charged with witchcraft. It was not until women and men began to view sin similarly that witch hunts ended. A Witch Trial at Mount Holly, 22 October 1730 - Founders Online witch trials of 1692 comprise a famous and bloody chapter in American history. On the other hand, forty percent of women over the age of forty would face a trial and more than half of these women would become convicted. In "A Witch Trial at Mount Holly" Benjamin Franklin asserts the primacy of reason by satirizing the efforts of those who would seek truth through superstition and irrationality. In the game you would start off with a message and try to make it around the room with the same message, surprisingly we barely ever got through without messing up at least something. Contrastively, Macbeth is hesitant as he ponders the repercussions of such a deed., As a young child i learned early on how info can be corrupted and distorted through a classroom game i use to play called telephone. Rhetoric is defined as the art of the using persuasive writing. This story, if true, is a historically important indication of folk belief in 18th-century New Jersey. All rights reserved. Box 12256 | Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, Phone: (919) 549-0661 | Fax: (919) 990-8535 | nationalhumanitiescenter.org. A Witch Trial at Mount Holly (author) Ben Franklin. Allegations and confusion arise within Sparta after Helen, the wife of King Menelaus, is kidnapped by Paris, the prince of Troy. Gender played a very important role in the witch hunts that took place in Early-Modern Europe as well as in Salem. The Pennsylvania Gazette was founded in Philadelphia in 1728. Franklin makes explicit fun of them throughout the story. It could also be inferred that Franklin was making fun of the Puritan belief that people could be witches. In Ben Franklin's writing "The Witch Trials at Mount Holly," he is making fun of The Salem Witch Trials and he uses the satirical technique incongruity. This hoax is included here on the authority of John Bach McMaster,3 though no external evidence that Franklin wrote it has been found; all that can be said is that he could have done so. Queen Elizabeth I? They were given power to accuse the witches and used their power to attack their oppressing forces, such as authority figures. Franklin parodies some accusations that could be preceded by the hanging of people that apparently used. Analyzes how benjamin franklin hoped his story, "the witch trail at mount holly," would push people in the direction of new ideas, thought, reasoning, and science, which was called the enlightenment. But there have been increasing doubts. He sets his mind to persecuting the citizens, A Witch Trial At Mount Holly Rhetorical Analysis. How does Franklin portray the people of Mount Holly? 7 Bizarre Witch Trial Tests | HISTORY The explanation of why the women did not sink was in a similar vein: 'It (was) the general Belief of the Populace, that the Womens Shifts, and the Garters with which they were bound help'd to support them; it is said they are to be tried again the next warm Weather, naked. Required fields are marked *. But I want to note a few general things: the style of the site is perfect, and the articles are excellent. In the end, it was declared that the Womens Shifts, and the Garters with which they were bound helpd to support them; it is said they are to be tried again the next warm Weather, naked.. Passivity and receptivity to Christs advances resided in mens (female) souls, but their bodiesand sense of themselvesremained masculine. Lady Mary Wortley Montagu Rhetorical Analysis - StudyMode For a complete account of this hoax see The Witch Trial at Mount Holly. Although mens bodies were seen as more difficult to tempt, this did not exempt all men. Everyone floated except the male accuser. Then came out of the House a grave tall Man carrying the Holy Writ before the supposed Wizard, &c. (as solemnly as the Sword-bearer of London before the Lord Mayor) the Wizard was first put in the Scale, and over him was read a Chapter out of the Books of Moses, and then the Bible was put in the other Scale, (which being kept down before) was immediately let go; but to the great Surprize of the Spectators, Flesh and Bones came down plump, and outweighed that great good Book by abundance. Select each correct answer. Double-click the downloaded file to install the software. The term bestows a comically inflated dignity and importance to this slapstick enterprise. Pennsylvania Gazette October 22, 1730 Burlington, Oct. 12. The fits they would go into while being possessed allowed them to be able to act in ways their society prohibited and say things they normally never could. Although Franklin later befriended the preacher George Whitefield, a major figure in the First Great Awakening, he remained suspicious of the revivals enthusiasm throughout his life. The Woman Accuser, being told that she did not sink, would be duckd a second Time; when she swam again as light as before. Franklin wrote this piece to simply entertain his readers in Philadelphia, however the story was later published in a newspaper in London, England. 3.08:tone,voice,and humor Flashcards | Quizlet The mob decides upon two tests. However, it is believed that the Trial at Mount Holly never truly occurred. I think this is one of the most important pieces of information for me. ), Analyzing satire and how an authors rhetorical choices achieve a particular purpose, Text analysis and close reading questions. The tale is told by the sort of narrator who often appears in satire, an urbane, witty figure who coolly observes the action with an amused, tolerant attitude. Religious, Puritan, concerned with God/devil, looking for evidence of predestination. A Witch Trial at Mount Holly by Benjamin Franklin Audio Recording Finally, they reject the resoundingly conclusive results of the scale test. The inclusion of the accused in the tests makes the proceedings less a trial and more an absurd experiment in which scales and water are used to detect virtue and vice. It describes the division of the community and how that led to the point of institutional, demographic, and economic polarization (p.50). In 1730, as a twenty-four-year-old, his firm embrace of the rationalistic philosophy of Deism could easily have moved him to take aim at the irrationality of enthusiasm as it might manifest itself in a witch hunt. Robert Feke, portrait of Benjamin Franklin, oil on canvas, ca. Also, because women were beginning to live longer, there was not yet a role that allowed older women to fit easily into society. Several local women were accused of witchcraft and this began the wave of hysteria that would forever haunt Salem and leave a painful legacy for a long time to come. Literary Criticism / As a result, it was believed that mens bodies were more difficult and less tempting objects of the devils attacks.. Highly recommend remarq.store During this tragic event neighbors were turned against one another and no bond was sacred. He makes us pause before it and heightens its comic effectiveness by setting it off with a comma. public. The scales are set up on a gallows to enable the ladies of the town to view them without going into the crowd. Catherine The Great? Although some men were definitely victimized during the witch-hunts, these hunts were largely due to prejudices against women, especially those women who did not fit neatly inside of the patriarchal society of the seventeenth century. Weird NJ: The Mount Holly witch trials - Asbury Park Press What caused such hysteria of witchcraft in this small city?, The Salem Witch Trials has been a debatable topic for many historians enamored by its deviation from the normal as seen in Europe or other European Colonies in North America. it would have been better if you made it easier for us kids to read :L, can some one please answwer this question for me why the number of witchcraft accusation increased in the sixteenth and seventeeth century ? brief summary. Saturday last [October 7?] As far as scholars have been able to determine, he was neither reporting on nor responding to an actual event, certainly not a witch trial. Finally, another aspect of this essay that does not work to its advantage is that Franklins old type of humor is no longer relevant. nytimes crossword. All of the information that I have seen today was really good for my GCSE question for my History lesson so thanks for all this good information. Hey, have you looked into history, yet? But, Lyle Koehler argues that the Salem Witch Trials began due to witch hysteria caused by the fits of the young women being affected by witchcraft. Saturday last at Mount-Holly, about 8 Miles from this Place, near 300 People were gathered together to see an Experiment or two tried on some Persons accused of Witchcraft. Although it is not certain, it is thought that Benjamin Franklin write the essay, The Witch Trial at Mount Holly, which appeared in the, on October 22nd, 1730. If accused of witchcraft, due to womens guilt over their perceived spiritual inadequacies, [they might] confess to specific transgressions they apparently had not committed, such as witchcraft. Rachel Neves, Jason Davison, and Alex Marcus. [13] The accused Man, being surprizd at his own Swimming, was not so confident of his Innocence as before, but said, If I am a Witch, it is more than I know. What is the narrators point of view? The Mount Holly story has about it the sense of humor and scorn of superstitution that characterized Franklin throughout his long life. Also, they began to feel that they were not battling Satan, but their own selves. Females, as a whole, were considered easier targets for Satan due to being viewed as weaker than men physically, spiritually, and morally. 5. The officials fail, and Fuller ends up serving science at Christ Church College. Burlington, Oct. 12. A Witch Trial at Mount Holly Printed in The Pennsylvania Gazette, October 22, 1730. What is the effect of the narrators use of the word experiment? In fact, Karlsen pointed out that, nearly half the males [accused] were husbands, sons, or other male relatives of the accused women. Still, these men were a minority. Though the story is probably a fraud, it is not without significance. The first test required the accused witches to stand on a scale where they would be weighed against the bible. About . Reis explains this further: Men were not required to adopt outwardly feminine traits and risk compromising their masculinity; but mans soul, his inner self, could safely display female virtues. Witchcraft / A Witch Trial at Mount Holly. The first interactive activity asks students to do three things: identify words and phrases that make the piece a satire, explain why the language they chose is satirical, and compare their choices and rationales with ours.